Data Sources & Reliability
Our valuations are only as good as the data behind them. This page explains transparently what data we use, how fresh it is, the quality checks we run — and where third-party and company-reported data have their limits.
What data we use
- Fundamentals from filings — income statement, balance sheet, cash-flow, multi-year history.
- Market prices — end-of-day closes from each home exchange, currency-normalised.
- Ratios — margins, growth, returns on capital, leverage, dividends — derived from the raw figures.
- Market data — market capitalisation, share count, sector/industry, country, currency.
Freshness
Prices refresh every trading day after the close. Fundamentals change as soon as a company reports new figures. Every stock page shows the date of the underlying fair value so you can see how fresh the read is.
Quality checks
Before a valuation becomes visible it passes automated plausibility checks that, among others, catch:
- implausible outliers (e.g. extreme fair-value jumps) are withheld rather than published;
- currency mislabels (ADRs whose local currency is reported as USD) are caught via a market-cap cross-check and corrected or withheld;
- share-class and dual-listing distortions are reconciled via market cap ÷ price;
- an ongoing cross-validation checks that the numbers shown stay consistent across every surface.
Limits of third-party data
Fundamentals come from company disclosures and data vendors. They can contain errors, be restated later, or arrive late. One-off items, differing accounting standards and exchange rates can distort individual figures. We screen and filter automatically, but cannot guarantee every single reported number. When in doubt we would rather withhold a valuation than show a wrong one.
How to interpret the output
Always read a stock page together: fair value and evidence status and quality score and the bear/bull range. A large undervaluation with low evidence or weak quality is a flag for deeper research, not a signal on its own. There is no guarantee of returns, and nothing here is financial advice.
Browse stocks → Methodology · Risk notice
Educational research only · not financial advice · no buy/sell recommendation.