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ISS A/S (ISFFF) fair value: what the stock is really worth
As of Sep 25, 2026: fair value of ISS A/S $38.34, price $43.31, upside -11.5%, quality 64 out of 100. Calculated from audited financials with 26 valuation models and 37 quality factors, updated daily.
- Fair value above price? No
- Good quality? Yes
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Broad data
Sep 24, 2026
Broad data
Sep 24, 2026
ISS A/S
ISFFF · USOvervalued / MonitorQuality is not strong enough to offset the price risk.
!Fair value $38.34 · Overvalued (−11.5%)
✓Quality 64/100
✓Healthy Growth (revenue 5y +3.6 %/yr)
!Thin margins · 3.1% net margin (TTM)
✓Moderate debt · generates free cash flow
✓7.4% dividend yield · Well covered
!Moderate moat 46/100
What runs behind every stock
26
valuation models
8 families, DCF to NCAV
37
quality factors
margins, balance sheet, cashflow, debt
6
AI factors
moat, what no ratio measures
2,000+
data points
verified, per stock, median
69 individual criteria per stock, every one traceable See the method →
Price vs Fair Value
White line = price, green steps = our fair value per fiscal year. As of Sep 24, 2026.
How to read this chart
60‑month range $0.0001 – $43.31 · fair‑value band $24.09 – $60.57 · the $43.31 price screens above the $38.34 fair value. As of Sep 24, 2026.
Company profile
ISS A/S operates as workplace experience and facility management company in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, Türkiye, Spain, Denmark, and internationally.
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ISS A/S operates as workplace experience and facility management company in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, Türkiye, Spain, Denmark, and internationally. The company offers space office, space plus, and space production; transportation and infrastructure cleaning, food hygiene, and hospitality and cleaning services; and catering, fine dining and event catering; and micro-kitchens and vending services, as well as operates restaurants and pop-ups. It also provides security services comprising front of house, concierge and manned guarding, video surveillance, and technical services. In addition, the company offers support services, which include front desk and reception, meeting and conference management, switchboards and service desk, concierge, mail and courier, document, executive and administrative support, and experience curation and management services. Further, the company provides energy management, asset management, critical environments, and waste management services. Additionally, it designs and delivers workplace strategies and solutions, such as portfolio strategy, curated experience and workplace strategy, workplace and service design, relocation strategy, capital projects, and mental rebuild services. It serves financial and professional services, life science, and technology industries. ISS A/S was founded in 1901 and is headquartered in Søborg, Denmark.
Stock analysis
ISS A/S (ISFFF) currently trades at $43.31, while our model-based Fair Value estimate is $38.34, 11.5% below the price, so the stock looks overvalued today.
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Valuation
Bull case: the Multiples group reads highest at a median of $42.35 per share, and 5 of the 24 models we run sit above the $43.31 price.
Bear case: the Dividend Discount group reads lowest at $5.47, and 19 of the 24 models stay below the price. Evidence for this calculation is high.
Scenario range: $24.09 (bear) to $60.57 (bull), the price of $43.31 sits inside it. Bear and bull are the same models on cautious and optimistic assumptions, a range, not a price target.
Quality & growth
The Quality Score stands at 64/100 (solid quality), in the Industrials sector.
Healthy Growth: Revenue growth appears healthy and is supported by profitability and cash-flow quality.
ISS A/S reported revenue of 84.5B DKK in FY2025 versus 71.4B DKK in FY2021, a compound +4.3%/yr. Reported net income was 2.6B DKK in FY2025, compounding +43.4%/yr from FY2021. FY2021 was a trough year, so the rate overstates the trend.
Key figures
Market cap $7.3B · P/E ratio 17.8 · P/S ratio 0.55 · EPS (TTM) $2.43 · Dividend yield 7.4% · Net margin 3.1% · Return on equity 23.3% · Return on assets (EBIT) 6.6%.
Competitive moat
Our AI-assisted moat analysis scores the competitive advantage at 42 out of 100 (low confidence).
What moves the price
For context, the median of 10 Industrials peers we cover trades at 1% fair-value upside, at −11%, ISFFF screens richer than that median.
Fair Value models
Bear $24.09
Fair Value $38.34
Bull $60.57
Model ⓘEach model values the company its own way (discounted cash flow, earnings, assets, dividends). The fair value above is their evidence-weighted blend, not the output of a single model.
Bear ⓘBear = the cautious scenario: the same model computed with conservative anchors (lower growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bull it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target.BaseBull ⓘBull = the optimistic scenario: the same model computed with favourable anchors (higher growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bear it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target. If a model's bull case is above four times its base value, the table shows that limit with a > sign (like the overall Bull above): beyond it no assumption holds.
Evidence ⓘEvidence = how well-backed THIS model's estimate is for this stock (0–100): how complete and reliable its input data are, and how well the model fits the company. The final Fair Value is an evidence-weighted blend, so better-evidenced models count more. Green ≥70, amber 50–69, grey below 50.
Highest evidence
FCF DCF
$24.63
$36.50
$59.50
79
Growth DCF
$25.94
$37.49
$57.95
78
Owner Earnings
$27.06
$39.72
$64.25
75
All 24 models by family
DCF Models
FCF DCF
$24.63
$36.50
$59.50
79
Owner Earnings
$27.06
$39.72
$64.25
75
5Y Revenue Exit
$22.31
$37.05
$59.09
71
5Y EBITDA Exit
$30.41
$50.81
$78.52
74
5Y P/E Exit
$22.96
$38.15
$56.83
70
10Y Revenue Exit
$22.01
$34.81
$49.29
66
10Y EBITDA Exit
$27.80
$43.67
$61.62
68
10Y P/E Exit
$23.32
$35.51
$47.85
64
Earnings-Based
Graham-Dodd
$16.94
$28.06
$34.05
67
EPV
$17.59
$22.25
$26.28
74
Dividend Discount
Gordon GGM
$4.49
$5.47
$6.48
69
DDM Multi-Stage
$4.49
$5.91
$7.62
67
Multiples
P/E Multiple
$39.23
$52.31
$65.39
63
P/S Multiple
$31.76
$42.35
$52.93
58
P/B Multiple
$31.58
$42.10
$52.63
55
EV/EBIT
$37.73
$54.30
$70.86
65
EV/EBITDA
$41.44
$59.25
$77.05
67
EV/Revenue
$23.50
$38.71
$53.91
52
Asset-Based
NCAV (Graham)
$4.68
$6.27
$9.36
54
Growth DCF
Growth DCF
$25.94
$37.49
$57.95
78
Rev-Margin DCF
$22.31
$37.79
$57.56
71
Economic Profit
Residual Income
$13.74
$16.18
$23.25
75
ROIC Compounder
$17.96
$23.40
$29.42
72
Growth Earnings
Growth-Adj P/E
$27.70
$39.58
$51.45
67
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Set up alert →Quality Score breakdown
Overall quality
64/100
Of which business quality 60 · Market factors (momentum, volatility) 81
Profitability
55
Margins and returns on capital today
Quality Growth
48
Are margins and returns improving?
Cashflow
52
Earnings quality: real cash, not paper profit
Fin. Strength
33
Balance sheet, leverage, solvency risk
Investment
100
Disciplined investing over empire-building
Low Volatility
38
Calm price path (market factor)
Momentum
100
Price trend over the last 3–12 months (market factor)
52W Momentum
100
Distance to the 52-week high (market factor)
Net Issuance
100
Share count: buybacks or dilution?
Revenue & earnings trend
Growth Quality ⓘGrowth is valuable only when reinvestment earns attractive returns (Aswath Damodaran): sustainable growth depends on return on capital, reinvestment and efficiency. Basis: total company revenue over the periods shown on the cards (3Y/5Y/all years), not per share, so a merger can show up as a growth jump; per-share earnings growth is in the value-creation card.
65/100
Revenue growth appears healthy and is supported by profitability and cash-flow quality.
Revenue growth 1 year
+0.9%
Revenue growth 3 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+4.6%
Revenue growth 5 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+3.6%
Start year 2020 (pandemic). Over 10 years: +0.6% a year
Revenue growth 21 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+3.6%
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’24
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What shareholders gained per year (last 5 years) ⓘWhat the business itself delivers per year: earnings growth per share plus the dividend yield. This is what you get IF the market keeps valuing the stock the same way: it contains no assumption about the market changing its mind. Computed per share, so buybacks count and a merger does not pass as growth. For a company that pays no dividend it is pure earnings growth per share. Period: earnings growth per share as CAGR over the last 5 reported fiscal years (annual statements), plus the current dividend yield. The start value is the median of the three years around the start, so a single crisis year (a pandemic or a write-down) does not distort the rate.
+31.2%
Earnings growth per share plus dividend.
Earnings per share, growth per year+23.8%
Dividend (yield on the price)7.4%
Pace: 5 vs 10 years ⓘTwo data points, not a trend model: earnings growth per share over the last 5 fiscal years against the last 10. Labelled "steady" when both rates are within 3 percentage points of each other, otherwise picking up or flattening. Shown only when ten years of history exist.23.8% vs 2.6%, picking up
Profit margin 2020 to 2025 ⓘOperating margin then vs now, from reported annual statements. A falling margin after a boom year is the classic peak-earnings signal: the growth rate then leans on an inflated base.−7% → 5%
Start year 2020 (pandemic)
Growth Forecast
Price in line with expectations
The price assumes more growth than the company has delivered so far and about what analysts expect.
What the price assumes ⓘThis turns our valuation around: instead of asking what the share is worth, it asks what growth the current price requires. It uses the cash the company keeps after all spending (free cash flow), the same discount rate as our models, five years of growth, then slowing evenly to 2 % a year by year ten. Compared with the analysts' sales forecasts extended to the same five years (at least three analysts, for context only, it does not enter the Fair Value): within 3 percentage points counts as "in line" (amber), below that little optimism (green), above that a lot of optimism (red).
+7.1%
Yearly growth needed for the next five years to justify today's price.
What forecasts expect ⓘAnalysts publish sales forecasts for the next two fiscal years. For the years after that, growth slows evenly to 2 % a year by year ten (2 % is the long-run rate our models use). Projected years are marked as such.
+4.6%
Yearly sales growth analysts expect, extended to five years.
After inflation (figures in DKK, Denmark: IMF forecast 2.1% a year to 2030, 2.0% from 2016 to 2025) that is about +4.9% a year for the price and +2.4% for the forecasts.
Forecast 2026 (sales)+6.3%
Forecast 2027 (sales)+4.6%
Projected 2028 (sales)+4.3%
Projected 2029 (sales)+4.0%
Projected 2030 (sales)+3.6%
ISFFF screens overvalued: fair value 11% below the price. Compare with Cintas Corporation →
Compare ISS A/S with another stock
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Context: sector, industry, market
- P/E, EV/EBITDA and margins by industry (reference tables)
- Undervalued stocks: US Stocks
- Valuation of the USA market
Values & ESG
Does this company touch areas you may want to avoid? The classification is inferred from sector and industry.
None of the checked exposures detected
Similar stocks
10 more Specialty Business Services stocks, each showing price versus our Fair Value estimate.
| Stock | Price | Fair Value | vs Fair Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cintas Corporation CTAS | $197.74 | $188.06 | −5% |
| Thomson Reuters Corporation TRI | $99.36 | $70.79 | −29% |
| Copart, Inc CPRT | $27.14 | $31.02 | +14% |
| Global Payments Inc GPN | $83.33 | $88.43 | +6% |
| Wolters Kluwer N.V WKL | €67.82 | €98.05 | +45% |
| Brambles Limited BXB | A$18.55 | A$18.66 | +1% |
| RB Global, Inc RBA | C$116.74 | C$128.41 | +10% |
| Aramark ARMK | $54.92 | $23.06 | −58% |
| UL Solutions Inc ULS | $66.05 | $33.46 | −49% |
| Rentokil Initial plc RTO | $20.64 | $19.63 | −5% |
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Frequently asked questions
Is ISS A/S (ISFFF) overvalued or undervalued?
As of Sep 24, 2026, our model estimates a fair value of $38.34 versus the last price from Sep 25, 2026 of $43.31, about −11% upside (overvalued).
What is the fair value of ISFFF?
Our model-based fair value for ISS A/S is $38.34 (as of Sep 24, 2026), built from audited fundamentals. Last price (from Sep 25, 2026): $43.31.
What is the quality score of ISFFF?
ISS A/S has a Quality Score of 64/100. It measures business quality (profitability, growth, cash flow, balance-sheet strength, investment discipline, share issuance). Market factors such as price momentum and volatility do not enter the number; they are shown separately in the detail view.
What is the price target for ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
Our model-based price target is the fair value of $38.34 (as of Sep 24, 2026) from 24 valuation models. Cautious scenario $24.09, optimistic scenario $60.57. It is a calculation from audited fundamentals, not an analyst target.
What is the ISS A/S stock forecast for 2026?
Our models put fair value at $38.34, about −11% upside versus the last price from Sep 25, 2026 of $43.31 (overvalued). Cautious scenario $24.09, optimistic scenario $60.57. The calculation is refreshed regularly with new filings.
What is the revenue of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
ISS A/S reported trailing-twelve-month revenue of about 84.7B DKK (latest available figure, as of Sep 24, 2026).
Does ISS A/S pay a dividend?
ISS A/S currently shows a dividend yield of about 7.39% relative to its recent price (as of Sep 24, 2026).
What growth is priced into ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
For today's price to be fair in a discounted-cash-flow model, ISS A/S would have to grow free cash flow by +7.1 % per year for five years (discount rate 9.3 %, then slowing evenly to 2 % perpetual growth by year ten). Over the last 5 years revenue grew +3.6 % per year. As of Sep 24, 2026.
What discount rate (WACC) does the fair value of ISFFF use?
Our models discount ISS A/S at 9.3 %: a base by market capitalisation (mid), damped by beta 0.83, country premium for USA. The same rate applies in all 26 models.
What is a reverse DCF?
A reverse DCF turns the usual calculation around. Instead of deriving a value from assumptions, it takes today's price as given and asks: what free-cash-flow growth would a company have to deliver for exactly this price to be fair? The result is not a forecast but the expectation already priced in. For ISS A/S that is +7.1 % per year a year over ten years, using the same discount rate (9.3 %) and the same formula as our fair value.
How much growth has ISS A/S (ISFFF) delivered so far?
Over the past 5 years revenue at ISS A/S grew +3.6 % a year. The price currently implies +7.1 % per year free-cash-flow growth a year. Comparing the two shows how much confidence is in the price: if it demands more than has been delivered, the business has to accelerate for the maths to work.
How fast is the sector of ISS A/S (ISFFF) growing?
The median revenue growth in the sector is +7.0 % a year. That is the yardstick for the growth priced into ISS A/S (+7.1 % per year a year): it shows whether the expectation is within the usual range or beyond it.
What is the free cash flow yield of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
The free-cash-flow yield on the price is 6.82 %: that much free cash flow ISS A/S produces per unit of market value. When it exceeds the discount rate of our models (9.3 %), the business already earns more than its cost of capital demands, and the price needs little additional growth.
What is the intrinsic value of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
Intrinsic value and fair value mean the same thing: what the business is worth on its numbers, independent of the share price. For ISS A/S it is $38.34 per share (as of Sep 24, 2026), against a price of $43.31. It is the blended result of 24 valuation models (cash flow, earnings, asset, dividend).
Is ISS A/S stock overvalued or undervalued in 2026?
As of Sep 24, 2026, ISFFF trades above its calculated fair value: price $43.31, fair value $38.34, a gap of about −11% (overvalued). The calculation is refreshed with each new quarterly report, so the verdict can change during the year.
Is fair value the same as the market price of ISFFF?
No. The price is what the market pays today ($43.31); the fair value is what the company's own numbers justify ($38.34). For ISS A/S the two are $4.97 per share apart. That gap is exactly why we show both numbers side by side.
How much is ISS A/S worth?
The market values ISS A/S at about $7.3B (market capitalisation, as of Sep 24, 2026). Per share that is $43.31; our models calculate a fair value of $38.34 per share.
What do the bullish and bearish scenarios say about ISFFF?
Our models span a range for ISS A/S: cautious scenario $24.09, base $38.34, optimistic $60.57 per share (as of Sep 24, 2026, price $43.31). The range comes from different growth and margin assumptions, not from analyst opinions.
Which stocks are comparable to ISS A/S?
From the same area (Industrials) we also value Cintas Corporation, Thomson Reuters Corporation, Copart, Inc, Global Payments Inc, among others. Each of them has its own fair-value calculation on this site using the same models, so the comparison is like for like.
Is ISS A/S stock attractive at the current price?
The data as of Sep 24, 2026: price $43.31, calculated fair value $38.34 (−11%), Quality Score 64/100, from 24 models. Whether that fits your horizon and risk tolerance is your call. We provide the calculation, not investment advice.
How is the fair value of ISFFF calculated?
We run ISS A/S through 24 models from four families: discounted cash flow, earnings models, asset and balance-sheet models, and dividend models. Every model gets the same audited fundamentals; the result is the weighted average of $38.34, with the spread shown as a cautious and an optimistic scenario.
Is it still worth investing in stocks now?
The global stock market currently sits 14.5 % above its aggregate fair value. ISS A/S itself currently trades above fair value. An expensive market is no reason to stay out and no reason to buy everything at once: keep a broad savings plan running, buy single stocks only with money you can do without, and hold part of your money liquid while the market is high. The full picture including sectors is on is it worth investing now.
What is the share price of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
The latest price we hold is from Sep 25, 2026 and stands at $43.31. Our model-based fair value is $38.34, about −11% upside (overvalued). We carry closing prices from our data provider, not a live tick.
What should I pay attention to with ISS A/S right now?
A fairly wide model range ($24.09 to $60.57) leaves room in how you read the outcome. The price sits in the upper half of our model range, so the margin of safety is thin. The data supports the verdict: every model runs on fully documented inputs.
Where does the earnings growth of ISS A/S (ISFFF) come from?
Earnings per share at ISS A/S grew −1.4 % a year from 2014 to 2025. Broken into its drivers: revenue per share +0.8 %, EBIT margin −1.7 %, tax rate +0.9 %, residual (interest, one-offs) −1.3 %. The four rates multiply to the earnings growth rate, they do not add up. Start and end are three-year averages so a single exceptional year does not distort the result.
Key figures of ISS A/S
How large is the market capitalisation of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
The market capitalisation of ISS A/S is $7.3B. The stock-market value of the whole company: share price times number of shares. It is what the market asks for the entire business today.
What is the P/E ratio of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
The price-to-earnings ratio of ISS A/S is 17.8. Price to earnings: how many years of current profit you pay for the stock. A P/E of 10 means ten years of profit.
What is the P/S ratio of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
The price-to-sales ratio of ISS A/S is 0.55 (P/E × margin). Price to sales: market value relative to yearly revenue. Useful when profit is thin or distorted.
What are the earnings per share of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
Earnings per share at ISS A/S are $2.43 (price ÷ EPS = P/E 17.8). Earnings per share over the last twelve months: total profit spread across every single share.
What is the dividend yield of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
The dividend yield of ISS A/S is 7.4% (payout 132%). Yearly dividend relative to the share price. 3% pays 3 per 100 invested. Below: how much of profit is used for it.
What is the net margin of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
The net margin of ISS A/S is 3.1% (fiscal year 2025). How much of every unit of revenue ends up as profit. 10% means 10 cents of profit per dollar of sales.
What is the return on equity of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
The return on equity (ROE) of ISS A/S is 23.3% (last twelve months). Profit relative to shareholders' equity, how efficiently the company works with its owners' money.
What is the EBIT return on assets of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
On an EBIT basis the return on assets of ISS A/S is 6.6% (avg 5y). Operating profit (EBIT) relative to everything the company owns, as a multi-year average. It describes the business model rather than one good or bad year.
What is the operating margin of ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
The operating margin of ISS A/S is 5.4% (last twelve months). Profit from the core business (before interest and taxes) relative to revenue.
How fast are earnings growing at ISS A/S (ISFFF)?
Earnings per share at ISS A/S are growing +0.1% versus a year earlier. How much earnings per share grew versus a year earlier.
How much net debt does ISS A/S (ISFFF) carry?
The net debt of ISS A/S is 13.3B DKK (fiscal year 2025, ≈ 4.0 yrs of FCF). Debt minus cash on hand. The note shows how many years of free cash flow could in theory pay it off.
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