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Bank of China Limited (3988) Fair Value & Analysis

Financial Services · HK · Market cap HK$1.6T

BO Bank of China Limited 3988 · HK
PriceHK$5.27
Fair ValueHK$10.14
Upside+92.6%
Quality61/100
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Healthy Growth
Highly profitable · 43.3% net margin
Low debt · generates free cash flow
4.44% dividend yield
Ranks above peers (12/14)
Wide moat 65/100
Evidence: High Range HK$7.61 – HK$12.68 Share as image

Fair value as of: Jul 15, 2026

From 26 valuation models · updated 23 days ago

Fair value updated Jul 15, 2026, revised from HK$9.62 to HK$10.14 (+5.4%) since Jul 7, 2026. Share price +9.2% over the past month.

A solid business, screening 93% undervalued on our models.

What matters now

  • The price is below even our cautious bear case (HK$7.61). The market is more pessimistic than our downside scenario.
  • Solid quality (61/100) at a price below fair value, the discount is the argument here, not the business quality.
  • For a financial, book-value and earnings-based methods matter more than a cash-flow DCF, which fits banks and insurers poorly.
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Price vs Fair Value (5 years)

HK$5.54 HK$1.86 Fair Value HK$10.14 Mar 2021 Aug 2026

White line = price, green steps = our fair value per fiscal year, dashed = 300-day average. As of Jul 15, 2026.

How to read this chart

60‑month range HK$1.86 – HK$5.54 · fair‑value band HK$7.61 – HK$12.68 · the HK$5.27 price screens below the HK$10.14 fair value. Green steps = our fair value per fiscal year (point-in-time, no hindsight). Dashed = 300-day average. As of Jul 15, 2026.

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Analysis

Bank of China Limited (3988) currently trades at HK$5.27, while our model-based Fair Value estimate is HK$10.14, implying the stock looks roughly 92.6% undervalued today. We read business quality at 61/100 (solid quality), in the Financial Services sector. Bull case: trading below our estimate, it may offer upside if the fundamentals hold. Bear case: a low price can be a value trap when quality is weak or the data is thin (evidence: high), always confirm before acting.

Over the trailing twelve months, Bank of China Limited generated revenue of HK$567B at a net margin of 43.3%. Revenue grew 5.9% year over year. It earns a return on equity of 8.4%. The balance sheet holds a net cash position of HK$1.5T. Fundamentals as of Jul 15, 2026

Our scenario range runs from HK$7.61 (bear case) to HK$12.68 (bull case); at HK$5.27, the current price sits below that range. Bear and bull are the same models run on conservative and optimistic assumptions (margins, growth, valuation multiples), so a plausible valuation range, not a price target. The share trades about 1% below its 52-week high and 31% above its 52-week low, currently above its 200-day average. For context, the median of 10 Financial Services peers we cover trades at 9% fair-value upside, at 93%, 3988 screens cheaper than that median.

Fair Value models

Each model estimates fair value its own way; the Fair Value above is the evidence-weighted blend. Evidence (0–100) measures how completely this model’s inputs are available: well-fed models carry more weight in the blend. The spread across models is intentional, each one stresses a different value driver; dividend models, for instance, come out structurally low when payout is small.

Model BearBaseBull Evidence
Highest evidence
Growth DCF HK$41.58 HK$65.98 HK$109.60 80
Residual Income HK$7.92 HK$8.55 HK$10.19 76
Rev-Margin DCF HK$24.33 HK$30.23 HK$37.40 74
All 26 models by family
DCF Models
FCF DCF HK$41.63 HK$67.50 HK$114.03 38
Owner Earnings HK$19.48 HK$26.95 HK$40.39 31
5Y Revenue Exit HK$24.55 HK$30.91 HK$38.82 39
5Y EBITDA Exit HK$26.35 HK$34.58 HK$44.33 41
5Y P/E Exit HK$27.19 HK$36.30 HK$46.29 38
10Y Revenue Exit HK$29.65 HK$37.55 HK$48.35 36
10Y EBITDA Exit HK$31.09 HK$40.29 HK$53.03 37
10Y P/E Exit HK$31.66 HK$41.57 HK$54.69 35
Earnings-Based
Graham-Dodd HK$5.03 HK$22.56 HK$30.92 54
Lynch FV HK$5.87 HK$8.39 HK$10.91 50
PEG = 1.0 HK$5.87 HK$8.39 HK$10.91 46
EPV HK$18.33 HK$19.72 HK$20.95 59
Dividend Discount
Gordon GGM HK$4.20 HK$9.16 HK$15.41 70
DDM Multi-Stage HK$4.20 HK$7.50 HK$9.55 61
Multiples
P/E Multiple HK$11.10 HK$14.80 HK$18.50 63
P/S Multiple HK$6.95 HK$9.27 HK$11.58 58
P/B Multiple HK$9.43 HK$12.58 HK$15.72 55
EV/EBIT HK$22.86 HK$26.99 HK$31.12 53
EV/EBITDA HK$20.25 HK$23.51 HK$26.77 54
EV/Revenue HK$16.96 HK$19.74 HK$22.52 43
Asset-Based
NCAV (Graham) HK$4.67 HK$6.25 HK$9.33 50
Growth DCF
Growth DCF HK$41.58 HK$65.98 HK$109.60 80
Rev-Margin DCF HK$24.33 HK$30.23 HK$37.40 74
Economic Profit
Residual Income HK$7.92 HK$8.55 HK$10.19 76
ROIC Compounder HK$18.33 HK$19.72 HK$20.95 72
Growth Earnings
Growth-Adj P/E HK$9.31 HK$13.30 HK$17.30 68

Widest divergence: DCF Models (HK$36.30) versus Asset-Based (HK$6.25). Highest evidence: Growth DCF (80).

Key figures & financial health

Revenue (TTM) HK$567B
Revenue growth (YoY) +5.9%
Net margin 43.3%
Return on equity 8.4%
Free cash flow HK$761B FY2025
P/E ratio 6.2
More key figures
Operating margin 53.1%
EPS (TTM) HK$0.7935
Dividend yield 4.3%
Net cash HK$1.5T FY2025

Figures from reported company fundamentals · as of Jul 15, 2026. TTM = trailing twelve months.

Quality Score breakdown

Overall quality 61/100

Of which business quality 55 · Market factors (momentum, volatility) 71

Profitability 29
Margins and returns on capital today
Quality Growth 42
Are margins and returns improving?
Cashflow 100
Earnings quality: real cash, not paper profit
Fin. Strength 38
Balance sheet, leverage, solvency risk
Investment 66
Disciplined investing over empire-building
Low Volatility 95
Calm price path (market factor)
Momentum 54
Price trend over the last 3–12 months (market factor)
52W Momentum 70
Distance to the 52-week high (market factor)
Net Issuance 55
Buybacks instead of dilution

Non-valuation factor families (profitability, growth, cashflow, financial strength, momentum …), each academically grounded. Valuation itself sits in the Fair Value and is deliberately excluded here to avoid double-counting.

About the company

Bank of China Limited, together with its subsidiaries, provides various banking and financial services in Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and internationally. The company operates through six segments: Corporate Banking, Personal Banking, Treasury Operations, Investment Banking, Insurance, and Other.

Full company description

Bank of China Limited, together with its subsidiaries, provides various banking and financial services in Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and internationally. The company operates through six segments: Corporate Banking, Personal Banking, Treasury Operations, Investment Banking, Insurance, and Other. The Corporate Banking segment provides current accounts, deposits, overdrafts, loans, payments and settlements, trade-related products, and other credit facilities, as well as foreign currency, derivative, and wealth management products for corporate customers, government authorities, and financial institutions. The Personal Banking segment offers savings deposits, personal loans, credit cards and debit cards, payments and settlements, wealth management, and funds and insurance agency services to retail customers. The Treasury Operations segment offers foreign exchange transactions, customer-based interest rate, and foreign exchange derivative transactions, as well as money market transactions, proprietary trading, and asset and liability management. The Investment Banking segment provides debt and equity underwriting and financial advisory, sale and trading of securities, stock brokerage, investment research, asset management services, and private equity investment services. The Insurance segment provides underwriting services for general and life insurance business, and insurance agency services. In addition, it operates debt-to-equity swaps and other supporting, and aircraft and financial leasing business. The company was founded in 1912 and is headquartered in Beijing, China.

Company description, as reported by the company or data provider.

Revenue & earnings trend

FY2021 – FY2025 · reported fiscal years

Bank of China Limited reported revenue of HK$1.2T in FY2025 versus HK$503B in FY2021, a compound +24.7%/yr. Reported net income was HK$243B in FY2025, compounding +2.9%/yr from FY2021.

Growth Quality 95/100
Revenue growth appears healthy and is supported by profitability and cash-flow quality.
Latest Revenue (FY 2025)
HK$1.2T
Latest YoY
+129.2%
Avg. growth/yr (3Y)
+35.6%
Avg. growth/yr (5Y)
+22.0%
Avg. growth/yr (22Y)
+10.6%
Revenue +24.7%/yr
FY21 HK$503B
FY22 HK$488B
FY23 HK$518B
FY24 HK$531B
FY25 HK$1.2T
Net income +2.9%/yr
FY21 HK$217B
FY22 HK$227B
FY23 HK$232B
FY24 HK$238B
FY25 HK$243B

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Cite: Fair Value Calculator (2026). "Bank of China Limited Fair Value". https://www.fairvalue-calculator.com/stock/3988

Earlier news

External third-party headlines (Yahoo Finance, Reuters and others), not an editorial selection.

Peer Group

Banks - Diversified · 47 stocks

How this stock ranks against its industry: the green marker is this stock, the band is the typical 25–75% peer range, and the tick is the median.

Quality Score 63 · Above median
Fair Value upside +93% · Top 25%
Return on equity (TTM) 8% · Bottom 25%
Return on assets 1% · Below median
Net margin (TTM) 43% · Top 25%
Operating margin (TTM) 53% · Above median
Revenue growth 6% · Above median
Dividend yield (TTM) 4.4% · Top 25%
Debt / equity 0.29× · Lower than median

Valuation Multiples vs Banks - Diversified median · lower = cheaper

P/E (TTM) 6.0× · Cheaper than 75% of peers
P/B 0.54× · Cheaper than 75% of peers
P/S (TTM) 2.90× · Cheaper than 75% of peers
P/FCF 0.3× · Cheaper than 75% of peers
PEG 1.15× · Cheaper than median

Snowflake

Five quick dimensions, each 0 to 100: VALUE (fair-value potential), FUTURE (revenue growth), PAST (return on equity), HEALTH (low debt), DIVIDEND (yield). Green = this stock, grey = typical sector peer.

VALUE 100 · sector 36
FUTURE 30 · sector 25
PAST 33 · sector 42
HEALTH 85 · sector 52
DIVIDEND 89 · sector 67

Values & ESG

Does this company touch areas you may want to avoid? The classification is inferred from sector and industry.

None of the checked exposures detected

ESG scores are not available for this stock yet. Values and ESG data are contextual and can differ between providers.

Similar stocks

10 more Banks - Diversified stocks, each showing price versus our Fair Value estimate (as of Jul 15, 2026).

Stock Price Fair Value vs Fair Value
JPMorgan Chase & Co JPM $341.10 $278.99 -18%
Bank of America Corporation BAC $59.67 $55.89 -6%
China Construction Bank Corporation 601939 ¥10.16 ¥17.20 +69%
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 601398 ¥7.50 ¥13.44 +79%
HSBC Holdings HSBC $100.52 $84.67 -16%
Agricultural Bank of China Limited 601288 ¥6.37 ¥11.85 +86%
Royal Bank of Canada RY C$305.74 C$190.48 -38%
Wells Fargo & Company WFCS C$23.58 C$27.40 +16%
Banco Santander, S.A SAN 51.02 PLN 55.60 PLN +9%
UBS Group UBSN 939.75 MXN 534.84 MXN -43%

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Frequently asked questions

Is Bank of China Limited (3988) overvalued or undervalued?
As of Jul 15, 2026, our model estimates a fair value of HK$10.14 versus a price of HK$5.27, about +93% (undervalued).
What is the fair value of 3988?
Our model-based fair value for Bank of China Limited is HK$10.14 (as of Jul 15, 2026), built from audited fundamentals. The current price is HK$5.27.
What is the quality score of 3988?
Bank of China Limited has a Quality Score of 61/100. It combines two groups: business quality (profitability, growth, cash flow, balance-sheet strength) and market factors (price momentum, distance to the 52-week high, volatility). Both subtotals are shown separately in the detail view.
What is the revenue of Bank of China Limited (3988)?
Bank of China Limited reported trailing-twelve-month revenue of about HK$567B (latest available figure, as of Jul 15, 2026).
What is the net profit margin of 3988?
The net profit margin of Bank of China Limited is about 43.3%, meaning it keeps roughly 43.3% of revenue as net income. Based on the latest reported figures.
Does Bank of China Limited pay a dividend?
Bank of China Limited currently shows a dividend yield of about 4.30% relative to its recent price (as of Jul 15, 2026).

How we calculate Fair Value

Each company is valued through a stack of independent intrinsic-value models (DCF variants, residual-income, multiples and more), blended into one family-balanced consensus and weighted by how much trustworthy data backs it. A separate quality layer scores the fundamentals. Every input is real reported data, nothing guessed.

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