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Visa Inc (3V64) fair value: what the stock is really worth
As of Oct 2, 2026: fair value of Visa Inc €201, price €319, upside -37.0%, quality 72 out of 100. Calculated from audited financials with 26 valuation models and 37 quality factors, updated daily.
- Fair value above price? No
- Good quality? Yes
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VI
Broad data
Sep 29, 2026
Visa Inc
3V64 · XETRAStretched ValuationStrong overvaluation with only moderate quality.
!Fair value €201.12 · Strongly overvalued (−37.0%)
✓Quality 72/100
!Mixed Growth (revenue 5y +12.9 %/yr)
✓Highly profitable · 51.7% net margin (TTM)
✓Moderate debt · generates free cash flow
✓0.8% dividend yield · Well covered
✓Wide moat 92/100
What runs behind every stock
26
valuation models
8 families, DCF to NCAV
37
quality factors
margins, balance sheet, cashflow, debt
6
AI factors
moat, what no ratio measures
2,000+
data points
verified, per stock, median
69 individual criteria per stock, every one traceable See the method →
Price vs Fair Value
White line = price, green steps = our fair value per fiscal year, dashed = 300-day average. As of Sep 29, 2026.
How to read this chart
60‑month range €165.58 – €344.85 · fair‑value band €103.68 – €295.04 · the €319.20 price screens above the €201.12 fair value. Green steps = our fair value per fiscal year (point-in-time, no hindsight). Dashed = 300-day average. As of Sep 29, 2026.
Company profile
Visa Inc. operates as a payment technology company in the United States and internationally. The company operates VisaNet, a transaction processing network that enables authorization, clearing, and settlement of payment transactions.
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Visa Inc. operates as a payment technology company in the United States and internationally. The company operates VisaNet, a transaction processing network that enables authorization, clearing, and settlement of payment transactions. It also offers credit, debit, and prepaid card products; tap to pay, tokenization, and click to pay services; Visa Direct, a platform which facilitates money movement, enabling clients to collect, hold, convert, and send funds across its network; and issuing solutions, such as airport lounge access, dining reservations, shopping experiences, event tickets, and seller offers. In addition, the company provides acceptance solutions, an omnichannel payment integration with e-commerce platforms; risk detection and prevention solutions; and advisory and other services comprising consulting practice, proprietary analytics models, data scientists and economists, marketing services, and managed services. It provides its services under the Visa, Visa Electron, V PAY, Interlink, and PLUS brands. The company serves consumers, sellers, financial institutions, and government entities. Visa Inc. was founded in 1958 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California.
Stock analysis
Visa Inc (3V64) currently trades at €319.20, while our model-based Fair Value estimate is €201.12, 37.0% below the price, so the stock looks overvalued today.
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Valuation
Bull case: the DCF Models group reads highest at a median of €210.92 per share, and 1 of the 13 models we run sit above the €319.20 price.
Bear case: the Multiples group reads lowest at €28.41, and 12 of the 13 models stay below the price. Evidence for this calculation is high.
Scenario range: €103.68 (bear) to €295.04 (bull), the price of €319.20 sits above it. Bear and bull are the same models on cautious and optimistic assumptions, a range, not a price target.
Quality & growth
The Quality Score stands at 72/100 (solid quality), in the Financial Services sector.
Mixed Growth: Revenue is growing, but margins or cash flow do not fully confirm the trend.
Visa Inc reported revenue of $40.0B in FY2025 versus $24.1B in FY2021, a compound +13.5%/yr. Reported net income was $20.1B in FY2025, compounding +13.0%/yr from FY2021.
Key figures
Market cap €700B · P/E ratio 31.4 · P/S ratio 15.7 · EPS (TTM) €10.06 · Dividend yield 0.8% · Net margin 50.1% · Return on equity 60.4% · Return on assets (EBIT) 22.7%.
Competitive moat
Our AI-assisted moat analysis scores the competitive advantage at 52 out of 100 (low confidence).
What moves the price
The share trades about 3% below its 52-week high and 25% above its 52-week low, currently above its 200-day average.
For context, the median of 10 Financial Services peers we cover trades at 10% fair-value upside, at −37%, 3V64 screens richer than that median.
Fair Value models
Bear €103.68
Fair Value €201.12
Bull €295.04
Model ⓘEach model values the company its own way (discounted cash flow, earnings, assets, dividends). The fair value above is their evidence-weighted blend, not the output of a single model. Based on fiscal year 2025 figures (about 12 months old). Earnings retained since then (€7.46 per share) are deliberately not added.
Bear ⓘBear = the cautious scenario: the same model computed with conservative anchors (lower growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bull it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target.BaseBull ⓘBull = the optimistic scenario: the same model computed with favourable anchors (higher growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bear it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target. If a model's bull case is above four times its base value, the table shows that limit with a > sign (like the overall Bull above): beyond it no assumption holds.
Evidence ⓘEvidence = how well-backed THIS model's estimate is for this stock (0–100): how complete and reliable its input data are, and how well the model fits the company. The final Fair Value is an evidence-weighted blend, so better-evidenced models count more. Green ≥70, amber 50–69, grey below 50.
Highest evidence
Growth DCF
€161.34
€292.66
€530.67
75
Owner Earnings
€149.13
€278.90
€516.66
73
Rev-Margin DCF
€70.52
€102.99
€139.75
73
All 13 models by family
DCF Models
Owner Earnings
€149.13
€278.90
€516.66
73
5Y P/E Exit
€117.20
€198.79
€291.35
70
10Y P/E Exit
€130.59
€210.92
€323.05
63
Earnings-Based
Graham-Dodd
€73.01
€343.70
€472.55
64
Lynch FV
€91.09
€130.13
€169.16
61
Dividend Discount
Gordon GGM
€23.86
€52.09
€87.64
65
DDM Multi-Stage
€23.86
€42.67
€54.29
66
Multiples
P/E Multiple
€104.68
€139.57
€174.47
63
P/B Multiple
€21.31
€28.41
€35.51
55
Asset-Based
NCAV (Graham)
€10.15
€13.60
€20.29
54
Growth DCF
Growth DCF
€161.34
€292.66
€530.67
75
Rev-Margin DCF
€70.52
€102.99
€139.75
73
Economic Profit
Residual Income
€64.90
€95.06
€221.01
69
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Set up alert →Quality Score breakdown
Overall quality
72/100
Of which business quality 68 · Market factors (momentum, volatility) 65
Profitability
76
Margins and returns on capital today
Quality Growth
41
Are margins and returns improving?
Cashflow
85
Earnings quality: real cash, not paper profit
Fin. Strength
71
Balance sheet, leverage, solvency risk
Investment
85
Disciplined investing over empire-building
Low Volatility
83
Calm price path (market factor)
Momentum
54
Price trend over the last 3–12 months (market factor)
52W Momentum
63
Distance to the 52-week high (market factor)
Net Issuance
37
Share count: buybacks or dilution?
Revenue & earnings trend
Growth Quality ⓘGrowth is valuable only when reinvestment earns attractive returns (Aswath Damodaran): sustainable growth depends on return on capital, reinvestment and efficiency. Basis: total company revenue over the periods shown on the cards (3Y/5Y/all years), not per share, so a merger can show up as a growth jump; per-share earnings growth is in the value-creation card.
90/100
Revenue is growing, but margins or cash flow do not fully confirm the trend.
Revenue growth 1 year
+11.3%
Revenue growth 3 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+10.9%
Revenue growth 5 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+12.9%
Start year 2020 (pandemic). Over 10 years: +11.2% a year
Revenue growth 22 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+14.6%
’14
’15
’16
’17
’18
’19
’20
’21
’22
’23
’24
’25
What shareholders gained per year (last 5 years) ⓘWhat the business itself delivers per year: earnings growth per share plus the dividend yield. This is what you get IF the market keeps valuing the stock the same way: it contains no assumption about the market changing its mind. Computed per share, so buybacks count and a merger does not pass as growth. For a company that pays no dividend it is pure earnings growth per share. Period: earnings growth per share as CAGR over the last 5 reported fiscal years (annual statements), plus the current dividend yield. The start value is the median of the three years around the start, so a single crisis year (a pandemic or a write-down) does not distort the rate.
+12.2%
Earnings growth per share plus dividend.
Earnings per share, growth per year+11.4%
Dividend (yield on the price)0.8%
Pace: 5 vs 10 years ⓘTwo data points, not a trend model: earnings growth per share over the last 5 fiscal years against the last 10. Labelled "steady" when both rates are within 3 percentage points of each other, otherwise picking up or flattening. Shown only when ten years of history exist.11.4% vs 13.9%, steady
Profit margin 2020 to 2025 ⓘOperating margin then vs now, from reported annual statements. A falling margin after a boom year is the classic peak-earnings signal: the growth rate then leans on an inflated base.65% → 60%
Start year 2020 (pandemic)
Growth Forecast
A lot of optimism in the price
The price assumes about as much growth as the company has delivered so far and more than analysts expect.
What the price assumes ⓘThis turns our valuation around: instead of asking what the share is worth, it asks what growth the current price requires. It uses the cash the company keeps after all spending (free cash flow), the same discount rate as our models, five years of growth, then slowing evenly to 2 % a year by year ten. Compared with the analysts' sales forecasts extended to the same five years (at least three analysts, for context only, it does not enter the Fair Value): within 3 percentage points counts as "in line" (amber), below that little optimism (green), above that a lot of optimism (red).
+15.6%
Yearly growth needed for the next five years to justify today's price.
What forecasts expect ⓘAnalysts publish sales forecasts for the next two fiscal years. For the years after that, growth slows evenly to 2 % a year by year ten (2 % is the long-run rate our models use). Projected years are marked as such.
+10.6%
Yearly sales growth analysts expect, extended to five years.
After inflation (figures in USD, USA: IMF forecast 2.4% a year to 2030, 3.1% from 2016 to 2025) that is about +12.9% a year for the price and +8.1% for the forecasts.
Forecast 2026 (sales)+12.2%
Forecast 2027 (sales)+12.2%
Projected 2028 (sales)+10.9%
Projected 2029 (sales)+9.6%
Projected 2030 (sales)+8.4%
3V64 screens overvalued: fair value 37% below the price. Compare with Mastercard Incorporated →
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Context: sector, industry, market
- P/E, EV/EBITDA and margins by industry (reference tables)
- Undervalued stocks: German Stocks
- Valuation of the Germany market
Values & ESG
Does this company touch areas you may want to avoid? The classification is inferred from sector and industry.
None of the checked exposures detected
Similar stocks
10 more Credit Services stocks, each showing price versus our Fair Value estimate.
| Stock | Price | Fair Value | vs Fair Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mastercard Incorporated MA | $551.47 | $359.54 | −35% |
| American Express Company AXP | $304.10 | $208.54 | −31% |
| Capital One Financial Corporation COF | $193.07 | $125.94 | −35% |
| Bajaj Finance Limited BAJFINANCE | ₹948.30 | ₹1,100 | +16% |
| PayPal Holdings PYPL | $53.06 | $104.12 | +96% |
| Shriram Finance Limited SHRIRAMFIN | ₹994.10 | ₹1,364 | +37% |
| Affirm Holdings AFRM | $67.21 | $73.93 | +10% |
| Synchrony Financial, SYF | $71.52 | $141.92 | +98% |
| SoFi Technologies, Inc SOFI | $15.72 | $5.53 | −65% |
| Tata Capital Limited TATACAP | ₹339.15 | ₹149.40 | −56% |
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Frequently asked questions
Is Visa Inc (3V64) overvalued or undervalued?
As of Sep 29, 2026, our model estimates a fair value of €201.12 versus a price of €319.20, about −37% upside (overvalued).
What is the fair value of 3V64?
Our model-based fair value for Visa Inc is €201.12 (as of Sep 29, 2026), built from audited fundamentals. The current price: €319.20.
What is the quality score of 3V64?
Visa Inc has a Quality Score of 72/100. It measures business quality (profitability, growth, cash flow, balance-sheet strength, investment discipline, share issuance). Market factors such as price momentum and volatility do not enter the number; they are shown separately in the detail view.
What is the price target for Visa Inc (3V64)?
Our model-based price target is the fair value of €201.12 (as of Sep 29, 2026) from 13 valuation models. Cautious scenario €103.68, optimistic scenario €295.04. It is a calculation from audited fundamentals, not an analyst target.
What is the Visa Inc stock forecast for 2026?
Our models put fair value at €201.12, about −37% upside versus a price of €319.20 (overvalued). Cautious scenario €103.68, optimistic scenario €295.04. The calculation is refreshed regularly with new filings.
What is the revenue of Visa Inc (3V64)?
Visa Inc reported trailing-twelve-month revenue of about $43.0B (latest available figure, as of Sep 29, 2026).
Does Visa Inc pay a dividend?
Visa Inc currently shows a dividend yield of about 0.81% relative to its recent price (as of Sep 29, 2026).
What growth is priced into Visa Inc (3V64)?
For today's price to be fair in a discounted-cash-flow model, Visa Inc would have to grow free cash flow by +15.6 % per year for five years (discount rate 8.0 %, then slowing evenly to 2 % perpetual growth by year ten). Over the last 5 years revenue grew +12.9 % per year. As of Sep 29, 2026.
What discount rate (WACC) does the fair value of 3V64 use?
Our models discount Visa Inc at 8.0 %: a base by market capitalisation (mega), damped by beta 0.75, country premium for Germany. The same rate applies in all 26 models.
What is a reverse DCF?
A reverse DCF turns the usual calculation around. Instead of deriving a value from assumptions, it takes today's price as given and asks: what free-cash-flow growth would a company have to deliver for exactly this price to be fair? The result is not a forecast but the expectation already priced in. For Visa Inc that is +15.6 % per year a year over ten years, using the same discount rate (8.0 %) and the same formula as our fair value.
How much growth has Visa Inc (3V64) delivered so far?
Over the past 5 years revenue at Visa Inc grew +12.9 % a year. The price currently implies +15.6 % per year free-cash-flow growth a year. Comparing the two shows how much confidence is in the price: if it demands more than has been delivered, the business has to accelerate for the maths to work.
How fast is the sector of Visa Inc (3V64) growing?
The median revenue growth in the sector is +9.3 % a year. That is the yardstick for the growth priced into Visa Inc (+15.6 % per year a year): it shows whether the expectation is within the usual range or beyond it.
What is the free cash flow yield of Visa Inc (3V64)?
The free-cash-flow yield on the price is 2.74 %: that much free cash flow Visa Inc produces per unit of market value. When it exceeds the discount rate of our models (8.0 %), the business already earns more than its cost of capital demands, and the price needs little additional growth.
What is the intrinsic value of Visa Inc (3V64)?
Intrinsic value and fair value mean the same thing: what the business is worth on its numbers, independent of the share price. For Visa Inc it is €201.12 per share (as of Sep 29, 2026), against a price of €319.20. It is the blended result of 13 valuation models (cash flow, earnings, asset, dividend).
Is Visa Inc stock overvalued or undervalued in 2026?
As of Sep 29, 2026, 3V64 trades above its calculated fair value: price €319.20, fair value €201.12, a gap of about −37% (overvalued). The calculation is refreshed with each new quarterly report, so the verdict can change during the year.
Is fair value the same as the market price of 3V64?
No. The price is what the market pays today (€319.20); the fair value is what the company's own numbers justify (€201.12). For Visa Inc the two are €118.08 per share apart. That gap is exactly why we show both numbers side by side.
How much is Visa Inc worth?
The market values Visa Inc at about €700B (market capitalisation, as of Sep 29, 2026). Per share that is €319.20; our models calculate a fair value of €201.12 per share.
What do the bullish and bearish scenarios say about 3V64?
Our models span a range for Visa Inc: cautious scenario €103.68, base €201.12, optimistic €295.04 per share (as of Sep 29, 2026, price €319.20). The range comes from different growth and margin assumptions, not from analyst opinions.
How far is 3V64 from its 52-week high?
Visa Inc trades at €319.20, about 3% below its 52-week high of €330.65 and 25% above the low of €255.66 (as of Oct 2, 2026). Distance from the high says nothing about value: that is what the fair value of €201.12 is for.
Which stocks are comparable to Visa Inc?
From the same area (Financial Services) we also value Mastercard Incorporated, American Express Company, Capital One Financial Corporation, Bajaj Finance Limited, among others. Each of them has its own fair-value calculation on this site using the same models, so the comparison is like for like.
Is Visa Inc stock attractive at the current price?
The data as of Sep 29, 2026: price €319.20, calculated fair value €201.12 (−37%), Quality Score 72/100, from 13 models. Whether that fits your horizon and risk tolerance is your call. We provide the calculation, not investment advice.
How is the fair value of 3V64 calculated?
We run Visa Inc through 13 models from four families: discounted cash flow, earnings models, asset and balance-sheet models, and dividend models. Every model gets the same audited fundamentals; the result is the weighted average of €201.12, with the spread shown as a cautious and an optimistic scenario.
Is it still worth investing in stocks now?
The global stock market currently sits 14.5 % above its aggregate fair value. Visa Inc itself currently trades above fair value. An expensive market is no reason to stay out and no reason to buy everything at once: keep a broad savings plan running, buy single stocks only with money you can do without, and hold part of your money liquid while the market is high. The full picture including sectors is on is it worth investing now.
What is the share price of Visa Inc (3V64)?
The closing price on Oct 2, 2026 was €319.20. Our model-based fair value is €201.12, about −37% upside (overvalued). We carry closing prices from our data provider, not a live tick.
What should I pay attention to with Visa Inc right now?
A high-quality business (quality 72/100), yet the market already pays well above fair value. Quality at a full price, with little margin of safety. The price sits above even our optimistic bull case (€295.04). The favourable scenario is already priced in. The model range is unusually wide (€103.68 to €295.04). The outcome hinges heavily on assumptions, so read the point estimate with caution. For a financial, book-value and earnings-based methods matter more than a cash-flow DCF, which fits banks and insurers poorly.
Where does the earnings growth of Visa Inc (3V64) come from?
Earnings per share at Visa Inc grew +15.9 % a year from 2014 to 2025. Broken into its drivers: revenue per share +13.2 %, EBIT margin +0.7 %, tax rate +1.6 %, residual (interest, one-offs) +0.1 %. The four rates multiply to the earnings growth rate, they do not add up. Start and end are three-year averages so a single exceptional year does not distort the result.
Key figures of Visa Inc
How large is the market capitalisation of Visa Inc (3V64)?
The market capitalisation of Visa Inc is €700B. The stock-market value of the whole company: share price times number of shares. It is what the market asks for the entire business today.
What is the P/E ratio of Visa Inc (3V64)?
The price-to-earnings ratio of Visa Inc is 31.4 (as of Jul 17, 2026). Price to earnings: how many years of current profit you pay for the stock. A P/E of 10 means ten years of profit.
What is the P/S ratio of Visa Inc (3V64)?
The price-to-sales ratio of Visa Inc is 15.7 (P/E × margin). Price to sales: market value relative to yearly revenue. Useful when profit is thin or distorted.
What are the earnings per share of Visa Inc (3V64)?
Earnings per share at Visa Inc are €10.06 (price ÷ EPS = P/E 31.4). Earnings per share over the last twelve months: total profit spread across every single share.
What is the dividend yield of Visa Inc (3V64)?
The dividend yield of Visa Inc is 0.8% (payout 25.8%). Yearly dividend relative to the share price. 3% pays 3 per 100 invested. Below: how much of profit is used for it.
What is the net margin of Visa Inc (3V64)?
The net margin of Visa Inc is 50.1% (fiscal year 2025). How much of every unit of revenue ends up as profit. 10% means 10 cents of profit per dollar of sales.
What is the return on equity of Visa Inc (3V64)?
The return on equity (ROE) of Visa Inc is 60.4% (last twelve months). Profit relative to shareholders' equity, how efficiently the company works with its owners' money.
What is the EBIT return on assets of Visa Inc (3V64)?
On an EBIT basis the return on assets of Visa Inc is 22.7% (avg 5y). Operating profit (EBIT) relative to everything the company owns, as a multi-year average. It describes the business model rather than one good or bad year.
What is the operating margin of Visa Inc (3V64)?
The operating margin of Visa Inc is 67.4% (last twelve months). Profit from the core business (before interest and taxes) relative to revenue.
How fast is revenue growing at Visa Inc (3V64)?
Revenue at Visa Inc is growing +17.1% versus a year earlier (3y avg +10.9%). How much revenue grew versus a year earlier (YoY). The 3-year average next to it puts the single year in context.
How fast are earnings growing at Visa Inc (3V64)?
Earnings per share at Visa Inc are growing +35.5% versus a year earlier. How much earnings per share grew versus a year earlier.
How much net debt does Visa Inc (3V64) carry?
The net debt of Visa Inc is $5.0B (fiscal year 2025, ≈ 0.2 yrs of FCF). Debt minus cash on hand. The note shows how many years of free cash flow could in theory pay it off.
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