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Data-driven stock valuation

Aquabb (AQU) fair value: what the stock is really worth

As of Oct 23, 2026: fair value (intrinsic value) of Aquabb stock PLN 8.54, price PLN 11.50, upside -25.7%, quality 54 out of 100. Rating: overvalued. Calculated from audited financials with 26 valuation models and 37 quality factors, updated daily.

  1. Fair value above price? No
  2. Good quality? Yes
  3. Keep an eye on it?Free in your watchlist: 5 stocks without an account, 10 with one Yes, for free

Utilities · PL · ISIN PLAQUA000014

A Some data Oct 23, 2026

Aquabb

AQU · WAR

Overvalued / MonitorQuality is not strong enough to offset the price risk.

Our calculation puts a fair price 26% below what the stock costs today.

Low debt
Quality 54/100
Expensive Growth (revenue 5y +4.8 %/yr in PLN)
Thin margins · 5.2% net margin (FY2025)
Mixed vs. peers (5/11)
Moderate moat 53/100 · thin data
Some data
Fair value 8.54 PLN · Overvalued (−25.7%)
Negative free cash flow
⚠ Thinly traded
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What runs behind every stock

26 valuation models 8 families, DCF to NCAV 37 quality factors margins, balance sheet, cashflow, debt 6 AI factors moat, what no ratio measures 2,000+ data points verified, per stock, median

69 individual criteria per stock, every one traceable See the method →

Price vs Fair Value

38.40 PLN 10.70 PLN Fair Value 8.54 PLN Jul 2019 Oct 2026

White line = price, green steps = our fair value per fiscal year, dashed = 300-day average. As of Oct 23, 2026.

How to read this chart

60‑month range 10.70 PLN – 38.40 PLN · fair‑value band 5.98 PLN – 11.10 PLN · the 11.50 PLN price screens above the 8.54 PLN fair value. Green steps = our fair value per fiscal year (point-in-time, no hindsight). Dashed = 300-day average. As of Oct 23, 2026.

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Company profile

Aqua Spólka Akcyjna operates water and sewage facilities and equipment primarily in Poland.

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The company provides collective water supply services in the municipalities of Bielsko-Biala, Bestwina, Buczkowice, Chybie, Czechowice-Dziedzice, Jasienica, Jaworze, Kety, Kozy, Porabka, Szczyrk, Wilamowice, and Wilkowice; and collective sewage disposal services in the municipalities of Bielsko-Biala, Buczkowice, Jasienica, Jaworze, Szczyrk, and Wilkowice.

It also engages in the wholesale water supply to Andrychów, Bestwina, Czechowice-Dziedzice, Kety, Skoczów, Wilamowice, and Wilkowice; and wholesale sewage collection from the municipality of Jasienica. The company was founded in 1990 and is based in Bielsko-Biala, Poland.

Stock analysis

Aquabb (AQU) currently trades at 11.50 PLN, while our model-based Fair Value estimate is 8.54 PLN, 25.7% below the price, so the stock looks overvalued today.

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Valuation

Bull case: the Asset-Based group reads highest at a median of 14.98 PLN per share, and 4 of the 13 models we run sit above the 11.50 PLN price.

Bear case: the Earnings-Based group reads lowest at 4.36 PLN, and 9 of the 13 models stay below the price. Data coverage for this calculation is medium.

Scenario range: 5.98 PLN (bear) to 11.10 PLN (bull), the price of 11.50 PLN sits above it. Bear and bull are the same models on cautious and optimistic assumptions, a range, not a price target.

Quality & growth

The Quality Score stands at 54/100 (solid quality), in the Utilities sector.

Expensive Growth: The company is growing, but growth may require heavy reinvestment or weak cash conversion.

Aquabb reported revenue of 193M PLN in FY2025 versus 161M PLN in FY2021, a compound +4.7%/yr. Reported net income was 10.1M PLN in FY2025, compounding +9.3%/yr from FY2021.

Key figures

Market cap 205M PLN (≈ $52.3M) Micro · P/E ratio 30.6 · P/S ratio 1.59 · EPS (TTM) 0.5158 PLN · Net margin 5.2% · Return on equity 192% · Return on assets (EBIT) 1.8% · Free cash flow −27.0M PLN.

Competitive moat

Our AI-assisted moat analysis scores the competitive advantage at 53 out of 100 (low confidence).

What moves the price

The share trades about 18% below its 52-week high and 7% above its 52-week low, currently below its 200-day average.

For context, the median of 10 Utilities peers we cover trades at −38% fair-value upside, at −26%, AQU screens cheaper than that median.

Fair Value models

Bear 5.98 PLN Fair Value 8.54 PLN Bull 11.10 PLN
Price 11.50 PLN · Upside -25.7%
Model ⓘEach model values the company its own way (discounted cash flow, earnings, assets, dividends). The fair value above starts from their evidence-weighted blend, not from a single model. In cyclical trough or peak years, after dilution or a stock split it is adjusted afterwards, so it can sit above or below the models. Based on fiscal year 2025 figures (about 10 months old). Earnings retained since then (0.4211 PLN per share) are deliberately not added. Bear ⓘBear = the cautious scenario: the same model computed with conservative anchors (lower growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bull it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target.BaseBull ⓘBull = the optimistic scenario: the same model computed with favourable anchors (higher growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bear it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target. If a model's bull case is above four times its base value, the table shows that limit with a > sign (like the overall Bull above): beyond it no assumption holds. Coverage ⓘCoverage = how well-backed THIS model's estimate is for this stock (0–100): how complete and reliable its input data are, and how well the model fits the company. The final Fair Value is an evidence-weighted blend, so better-evidenced models count more. Green ≥70, amber 50–69, grey below 50.
Best data coverage
EPV 3.91 PLN 4.36 PLN 4.72 PLN 74
ROIC Compounder 3.91 PLN 4.36 PLN 4.72 PLN 72
Residual Income 14.08 PLN 12.92 PLN 12.21 PLN 71
All 13 models by family
Earnings-Based
Graham-Dodd 3.83 PLN 8.54 PLN 10.90 PLN 66
PEG = 1.0 1.38 PLN 1.97 PLN 2.56 PLN 57
EPV 3.91 PLN 4.36 PLN 4.72 PLN 74
Multiples
P/E Multiple 7.60 PLN 10.14 PLN 12.67 PLN 63
P/S Multiple 7.18 PLN 9.58 PLN 11.97 PLN 58
P/B Multiple 30.17 PLN 40.23 PLN 50.29 PLN 55
EV/EBIT 7.31 PLN 9.88 PLN 12.46 PLN 66
EV/EBITDA 18.91 PLN 25.36 PLN 31.81 PLN 67
EV/Revenue 5.83 PLN 8.51 PLN 11.19 PLN 53
Asset-Based
NCAV (Graham) 11.18 PLN 14.98 PLN 22.35 PLN 54
Economic Profit
Residual Income 14.08 PLN 12.92 PLN 12.21 PLN 71
ROIC Compounder 3.91 PLN 4.36 PLN 4.72 PLN 72
Growth Earnings
Growth-Adj P/E 5.73 PLN 8.19 PLN 10.64 PLN 67

Open the full fair value analysis →

Quality Score breakdown

Overall quality 54/100

It rates the business: profits, how they develop, real cash, balance sheet, investing and share count.

Profitability 32
How much profit the company makes from its sales and capital
Quality Growth 48
Are margins and returns getting better?
Cashflow 41
Do the profits arrive as real cash?
Financial strength 65
Debt, balance sheet and risk of trouble
Investment 55
Does it invest with discipline instead of growing at any price?
Low Volatility 47
How calm the share price moves, does not count
Momentum 31
Price trend of the last 3 to 12 months, does not count
Near the 52-week high 18
Distance to the 52-week high, does not count
New shares 82
Buys back shares or issues new ones?

Open the full quality analysis →

Revenue & earnings trend

Growth Quality ⓘGrowth is valuable only when reinvestment earns attractive returns (Aswath Damodaran): sustainable growth depends on return on capital, reinvestment and efficiency. Basis: total company revenue over the periods shown on the cards (3Y/5Y/all years), not per share, so a merger can show up as a growth jump; per-share earnings growth is in the value-creation card. 35/100
The company is growing, but growth may require heavy reinvestment or weak cash conversion.
Revenue growth 1 year
+2.1%
Revenue growth 3 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+6.3%
Revenue growth 5 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+4.8%
Start year 2020 (pandemic). Over 10 years: +3.1% a year
Revenue growth 10 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+3.1%
What shareholders gained per year (last 5 years) ⓘWhat the business itself delivers per year: earnings growth per share plus the dividend yield. This is what you get IF the market keeps valuing the stock the same way: it contains no assumption about the market changing its mind. Computed per share, so buybacks count and a merger does not pass as growth. For a company that pays no dividend it is pure earnings growth per share. Period: earnings growth per share as CAGR over the last 5 reported fiscal years (annual statements), plus the current dividend yield. The start value is the median of the three years around the start, so a single crisis year (a pandemic or a write-down) does not distort the rate.
+4.2%
Earnings growth per share plus dividend.
Earnings per share, growth per year+4.2%
Dividend (yield on the price)0.0%
Profit margin 2015 to 2025 ⓘOperating margin then vs now, from reported annual statements. A falling margin after a boom year is the classic peak-earnings signal: the growth rate then leans on an inflated base.10% → 6%

AQU screens overvalued: fair value 26% below the price. Compare with NextEra Energy, Inc →

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Peer GroupⓘHow this stock ranks against its sector: the green marker is this stock, the band is the typical 25–75% peer range, and the tick is the median. (Industry “Water & Related Utilities” was too small, so the broader sector is used.)Utilities · 665 stocks

Beats the sector median on 5/11 measures
A mixed picture versus its sector peers.
Valuation
Quality Score 54 · Above median
Fair Value upside −25.7% · Below median
Profitability
Return on equity (12 months) 191.8% · Top 25%
Return on assets 1.8% · Below median
Net margin (12 months) 5.2% · Below median
Operating margin (12 months) 0.0% · Bottom 25%
Growth and dividend
Revenue growth (quarter YoY) 0.0% · Below median
Balance sheet
Debt / equity 0.06× · Lowest 25%

Valuation Multiplesvs Utilities median · lower = cheaper

P/E (12 months) 30.6× · Priciest 25%
P/B 0.13× · Cheapest 25%
EV/EBITDA 1.2× · Cheapest 25%

Strength profile in five axes (Snowflake)

VALUEFUTUREPASTHEALTHDIVIDEND
This stock
VALUEFUTUREPASTHEALTHDIVIDEND
Sector peers
VALUE (fair-value potential)0 · sector 21
FUTURE (revenue growth)0 · sector 19
PAST (return on equity)100 · sector 31
HEALTH (low debt)97 · sector 67
DIVIDEND (yield)0 · sector 61

VALUE 0: the price sits above our fair-value range.

Context: sector, industry, market

Values & ESG

Does this company touch areas you may want to avoid? The classification is inferred from sector and industry.

None of the checked exposures detected

Similar stocks

10 more Water & Related Utilities stocks, each showing price versus our Fair Value estimate.

Stock Price Fair Value vs Fair Value Compare
SOJE SOJE $15.36 $17.03 +11% vs AQU
China Yangtze Power Co 600900 ¥29.57 ¥32.53 +10% vs AQU
Engie SA ENGI €23.10 €20.64 −11% vs AQU
American Electric Power Company AEP $127.39 $100.03 −21% vs AQU
The Southern Company SO $92.89 $57.57 −38% vs AQU
Duke Energy Corporation DUK $124.98 $75.79 −39% vs AQU
Iberdrola, S.A IBE €21.90 €10.01 −54% vs AQU
NextEra Energy, Inc NEE $81.90 $29.99 −63% vs AQU
Constellation Energy Corporation CEG $253.45 $92.41 −64% vs AQU
Enel SpA ENEL €9.22 €3.30 −64% vs AQU

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Aquabb · Fair Value
8.54 PLN −26%Fair Value
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Cite: Fair Value Calculator (2026). "Aquabb Fair Value". https://www.fairvalue-calculator.com/stock/AQU

Frequently asked questions

Is Aquabb (AQU) overvalued or undervalued?
As of Oct 23, 2026, our model estimates a fair value of 8.54 PLN versus a price of 11.50 PLN, about −26% upside (overvalued).
What is the fair value of AQU?
Our model-based fair value for Aquabb is 8.54 PLN (as of Oct 23, 2026), built from audited fundamentals. The current price: 11.50 PLN.
What is the quality score of AQU?
Aquabb has a Quality Score of 54/100. It measures business quality (profitability, growth, cash flow, balance-sheet strength, investment discipline, share issuance). Market factors such as price momentum and volatility do not enter the number; they are shown separately in the detail view.
What is the price target for Aquabb (AQU)?
Our model-based price target is the fair value of 8.54 PLN (as of Oct 23, 2026) from 13 valuation models. Cautious scenario 5.98 PLN, optimistic scenario 11.10 PLN. It is a calculation from audited fundamentals, not an analyst target.
What is the Aquabb stock forecast for 2026?
Our models put fair value at 8.54 PLN, about −26% upside versus a price of 11.50 PLN (overvalued). Cautious scenario 5.98 PLN, optimistic scenario 11.10 PLN. The calculation is refreshed regularly with new filings.
What is the intrinsic value of Aquabb (AQU)?
Intrinsic value and fair value mean the same thing: what the business is worth on its numbers, independent of the share price. For Aquabb it is 8.54 PLN per share (as of Oct 23, 2026), against a price of 11.50 PLN. It is the blended result of 13 valuation models (cash flow, earnings, asset, dividend).
Is Aquabb stock overvalued or undervalued in 2026?
As of Oct 23, 2026, AQU trades above its calculated fair value: price 11.50 PLN, fair value 8.54 PLN, a gap of about −26% (overvalued). The calculation is refreshed with each new quarterly report, so the verdict can change during the year.
Is fair value the same as the market price of AQU?
No. The price is what the market pays today (11.50 PLN); the fair value is what the company's own numbers justify (8.54 PLN). For Aquabb the two are 2.96 PLN per share apart. That gap is exactly why we show both numbers side by side.
How much is Aquabb worth?
The market values Aquabb at about 205M PLN (market capitalisation, as of Oct 23, 2026). Per share that is 11.50 PLN; our models calculate a fair value of 8.54 PLN per share.
What do the bullish and bearish scenarios say about AQU?
Our models span a range for Aquabb: cautious scenario 5.98 PLN, base 8.54 PLN, optimistic 11.10 PLN per share (as of Oct 23, 2026, price 11.50 PLN). The range comes from different growth and margin assumptions, not from analyst opinions.
What is the P/E ratio of AQU?
Aquabb trades at a price-to-earnings ratio of 30.6 (as of Oct 23, 2026). A P/E on its own says little: it compares the price with ONE year of profit, while our fair value of 8.54 PLN is built from several models across several years. Other multiples: P/B 0.1, EV/EBITDA 1.2.
How solid is the balance sheet of Aquabb (AQU)?
Balance-sheet figures for Aquabb (as of Oct 23, 2026): return on equity 191.8%, debt of 0.06 per unit of equity. They feed the Quality Score of 54/100, which measures business quality independently of the share price.
How far is AQU from its 52-week high?
Aquabb trades at 11.50 PLN, about 18% below its 52-week high of 14.00 PLN and 7% above the low of 10.70 PLN (as of Oct 23, 2026). Distance from the high says nothing about value: that is what the fair value of 8.54 PLN is for.
Which stocks are comparable to Aquabb?
From the same area (Utilities) we also value NextEra Energy, Inc, Iberdrola, S.A, China Yangtze Power Co, The Southern Company, among others. Each of them has its own fair-value calculation on this site using the same models, so the comparison is like for like.
Is Aquabb stock attractive at the current price?
The data as of Oct 23, 2026: price 11.50 PLN, calculated fair value 8.54 PLN (−26%), Quality Score 54/100, from 13 models. Whether that fits your horizon and risk tolerance is your call. We provide the calculation, not investment advice.
How is the fair value of AQU calculated?
We run Aquabb through 13 models from four families: discounted cash flow, earnings models, asset and balance-sheet models, and dividend models. Every model gets the same audited fundamentals; the result is the weighted average of 8.54 PLN, with the spread shown as a cautious and an optimistic scenario.
Is it still worth investing in stocks now?
The global stock market currently sits 12.3 % above its aggregate fair value. Aquabb itself currently trades above fair value. An expensive market is no reason to stay out and no reason to buy everything at once: keep a broad savings plan running, buy single stocks only with money you can do without, and hold part of your money liquid while the market is high. The full picture including sectors is on is it worth investing now.
What is the share price of Aquabb (AQU)?
The closing price on Oct 23, 2026 was 11.50 PLN. Our model-based fair value is 8.54 PLN, about −26% upside (overvalued). We carry closing prices from our data provider, not a live tick.
What should I pay attention to with Aquabb right now?
The price sits above even our optimistic bull case (11.10 PLN). The favourable scenario is already priced in. Solid but not exceptional quality (54/100) and above fair value, neither a clear bargain nor a standout compounder. A fairly wide model range (5.98 PLN to 11.10 PLN) leaves room in how you read the outcome.

Key figures of Aquabb

How large is the market capitalisation of Aquabb (AQU)?
The market capitalisation of Aquabb is 205M PLN (≈ $52.3M). The stock-market value of the whole company: share price times number of shares. It is what the market asks for the entire business today.
What is the P/S ratio of Aquabb (AQU)?
The price-to-sales ratio of Aquabb is 1.59 (P/E × margin). Price to sales: market value relative to yearly revenue. Useful when profit is thin or distorted.
What are the earnings per share of Aquabb (AQU)?
Earnings per share at Aquabb are 0.5158 PLN (price ÷ EPS = P/E 30.6). Earnings per share over the last twelve months: total profit spread across every single share.
What is the net margin of Aquabb (AQU)?
The net margin of Aquabb is 5.2% (fiscal year 2025). How much of every unit of revenue ends up as profit. 10% means 10 cents of profit per dollar of sales.
What is the return on equity of Aquabb (AQU)?
The return on equity (ROE) of Aquabb is 192% (last twelve months). Profit relative to shareholders' equity, how efficiently the company works with its owners' money.
What is the EBIT return on assets of Aquabb (AQU)?
On an EBIT basis the return on assets of Aquabb is 1.8% (avg 5y). Operating profit (EBIT) relative to everything the company owns, as a multi-year average. It describes the business model rather than one good or bad year.
How much free cash flow does Aquabb (AQU) generate?
The free cash flow of Aquabb is −27.0M PLN (fiscal year 2025). The cash truly left after running and investing in the business, this is what pays dividends and buybacks.
How much net debt does Aquabb (AQU) carry?
The net debt of Aquabb is 7.6M PLN (fiscal year 2025). Debt minus cash on hand. The note shows how many years of free cash flow could in theory pay it off.
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