EN DE
Check 35,000+ stocks against 26 valuation models and 37 quality factors
Data-driven stock valuation

INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK) fair value: what the stock is really worth

As of Sep 24, 2026: fair value of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA PLN 52.74, price PLN 35.40, upside +49.0%, quality 62 out of 100. Calculated from audited financials with 26 valuation models and 37 quality factors, updated daily.

  1. Fair value above price? Yes
  2. Good quality? Yes
  3. Add to watchlist

Industrials · PL · ISIN PLINSTK00013

IK Some data Sep 23, 2026

INSTAL KRAKÓW SA

INK · WAR

UndervaluedThe stock appears undervalued with acceptable quality.

✓Fair value 52.74 PLN · Undervalued (+49%)
!Quality 62/100
!Mixed Growth (revenue 5y −3.0 %/yr)
✓Solidly profitable · 13.0% net margin (TTM)
!Low debt · negative free cash flow
✓Ranks above peers (11/13)
!Moderate moat 58/100
!Evidence only medium, so the estimate is less certain

What runs behind every stock

69 individual criteria per stock, every one traceable See the method →

Price vs Fair Value

45.72 PLN 21.89 PLN Fair Value 52.74 PLN May 2021 Sep 2026

White line = price, green steps = our fair value per fiscal year, dashed = 300-day average. As of Sep 23, 2026.

How to read this chart

60‑month range 21.89 PLN – 45.72 PLN · fair‑value band 45.57 PLN – 65.62 PLN · the 35.40 PLN price screens below the 52.74 PLN fair value. Dashed = 300-day average. As of Sep 23, 2026.

Follow INSTAL KRAKÓW in your weekly email

Every Wednesday you see whether INSTAL KRAKÓW is on track or worth a review, plus price against fair value. Free, up to 3 stocks.

We send you a confirmation link. Unsubscribe with one click.

Which stocks are undervalued right now? Check free Discover now →

Company profile

Instal Kraków S.A. engages in the construction business in Poland and internationally.

Show more

Instal Kraków S.A. engages in the construction business in Poland and internationally. It constructs and assembles industrial, commercial, sports, public facilities, etc.; desulphurization, denitrification, ash removal, slagging, and pneumatic transport facilities; municipal and industrial sewage treatment plants; sludge dryer and thermal waste treatment plants; water demineralization and treatment stations; water intakes; ozone and water production installations, pumping stations, and chlorination plants; external networks, water mains, and internal sewage and water installations; technological and industrial installations; gas reduction stations; heat exchangers and compact heat substations, gas-oil boiler rooms, and biogas utilization systems; heat networks; compressed air, vacuum, and pneumatic transport systems; and ventilation and air-conditioning systems. The company also constructs and executes storage tanks; silos; ventilation, air-conditioning, and dust removal systems; desulfurization and denitrification installation components; pipelines and equipment for transport media; load-bearing and supporting structures; protective barriers, platforms, and ladders; and machines and devices for various technological processes. In addition, it produces sediment scrapers and rod mixers, and heat exchangers; sells and rents real estate projects; repairs equipment, and installation power plants and industrial plants; and installs air conditioning and ventilation, heating and sanitary, heat centers, and technical gases equipment; assembles and prefabricates steel structures; and offers welding and foundry services. The company was founded in 1950 and is based in Kraków, Poland.

Stock analysis

INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK) currently trades at 35.40 PLN, while our model-based Fair Value estimate is 52.74 PLN, implying the stock looks roughly 32.9% undervalued today.

Show more

Valuation

Bull case: the Multiples group reads highest at a median of 123.35 PLN per share, and 12 of the 15 models we run sit above the 35.40 PLN price.

Bear case: the Dividend Discount group reads lowest at 18.74 PLN, and 3 of the 15 models stay below the price. Evidence for this calculation is medium.

Scenario range: 45.57 PLN (bear) to 65.62 PLN (bull), the price of 35.40 PLN sits below it. Bear and bull are the same models on cautious and optimistic assumptions, a range, not a price target.

Quality & growth

The Quality Score stands at 62/100 (solid quality), in the Industrials sector.

Mixed Growth: Spin-off in 2024: revenue and profit before it include the divested business. Growth is measured afresh from 2024.

INSTAL KRAKÓW SA reported revenue of 375M PLN in FY2024 versus 411M PLN in FY2020, a compound −2.3%/yr. Reported net income was 52.9M PLN in FY2024, compounding +22.9%/yr from FY2020.

Key figures

Market cap 297M PLN (≈ $77.1M) · P/E ratio 4.8 · P/S ratio 0.68 · EPS (TTM) 7.38 PLN · Net margin 14.1% · Return on equity 11.5% · Return on assets (EBIT) 8.8% · Operating margin 18.9%.

Competitive moat

Our AI-assisted moat analysis scores the competitive advantage at 50 out of 100 (low confidence).

What moves the price

The share trades about 14% below its 52-week high and 2% above its 52-week low, currently below its 200-day average.

For context, the median of 10 Industrials peers we cover trades at −31% fair-value upside, at 49%, INK screens cheaper than that median.

Fair Value models

Bear 45.57 PLN Fair Value 52.74 PLN Bull 65.62 PLN
Model ⓘEach model values the company its own way (discounted cash flow, earnings, assets, dividends). The fair value above is their evidence-weighted blend, not the output of a single model. Based on fiscal year 2024 figures (about 12 months old). Earnings retained since then (7.38 PLN per share) are deliberately not added. Bear ⓘBear = the cautious scenario: the same model computed with conservative anchors (lower growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bull it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target.BaseBull ⓘBull = the optimistic scenario: the same model computed with favourable anchors (higher growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bear it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target. Evidence ⓘEvidence = how well-backed THIS model's estimate is for this stock (0–100): how complete and reliable its input data are, and how well the model fits the company. The final Fair Value is an evidence-weighted blend, so better-evidenced models count more. Green ≥70, amber 50–69, grey below 50.
Highest evidence
Owner Earnings 58.22 PLN 72.88 PLN 96.48 PLN 78
EPV 52.38 PLN 58.46 PLN 63.40 PLN 74
Residual Income 45.03 PLN 51.63 PLN 84.67 PLN 74
All 15 models by family
DCF Models
Owner Earnings 58.22 PLN 72.88 PLN 96.48 PLN 78
Earnings-Based
Graham-Dodd 49.34 PLN 60.30 PLN 67.84 PLN 67
EPV 52.38 PLN 58.46 PLN 63.40 PLN 74
Dividend Discount
Gordon GGM 17.54 PLN 18.74 PLN 20.52 PLN 69
DDM Multi-Stage 17.54 PLN 20.30 PLN 23.75 PLN 67
Multiples
P/E Multiple 114.28 PLN 152.37 PLN 190.46 PLN 63
P/S Multiple 77.19 PLN 102.93 PLN 128.66 PLN 58
P/B Multiple 92.51 PLN 123.35 PLN 154.18 PLN 55
EV/EBIT 114.63 PLN 152.27 PLN 189.91 PLN 66
EV/EBITDA 95.28 PLN 126.47 PLN 157.66 PLN 67
EV/Revenue 66.56 PLN 94.35 PLN 122.14 PLN 54
Asset-Based
NCAV (Graham) 25.55 PLN 34.24 PLN 51.11 PLN 54
Economic Profit
Residual Income 45.03 PLN 51.63 PLN 84.67 PLN 74
ROIC Compounder 52.38 PLN 59.10 PLN 65.58 PLN 72
Growth Earnings
Growth-Adj P/E 80.69 PLN 115.28 PLN 149.86 PLN 67

Open the full fair value analysis →

Notify me when INK reaches fair value

Put INK on your watchlist. We get in touch as soon as price and fair value meet or the trend turns.

Set up alert →

Quality Score breakdown

Overall quality 62/100

Of which business quality 58 · Market factors (momentum, volatility) 48

Profitability 54
Margins and returns on capital today
Quality Growth 63
Are margins and returns improving?
Cashflow 8
Earnings quality: real cash, not paper profit
Fin. Strength 82
Balance sheet, leverage, solvency risk
Investment 77
Disciplined investing over empire-building
Low Volatility 96
Calm price path (market factor)
Momentum 33
Price trend over the last 3–12 months (market factor)
52W Momentum 18
Distance to the 52-week high (market factor)
Net Issuance 83
Share count: buybacks or dilution?

Open the full quality analysis →

Revenue & earnings trend

Growth Quality ⓘGrowth is valuable only when reinvestment earns attractive returns (Aswath Damodaran): sustainable growth depends on return on capital, reinvestment and efficiency. Basis: total company revenue over the periods shown on the cards (3Y/5Y/all years), not per share, so a merger can show up as a growth jump; per-share earnings growth is in the value-creation card. 55/100
Spin-off in 2024: revenue and profit before it include the divested business. Growth is measured afresh from 2024.
Revenue growth 3 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+0.5%
Revenue growth 5 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
−3.0%
Revenue growth 14 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+2.0%
What shareholders gained per year (last 5 years) (mathematically smoothed) ⓘWhat the business itself delivers per year: earnings growth per share plus the dividend yield. This is what you get IF the market keeps valuing the stock the same way: it contains no assumption about the market changing its mind. Computed per share, so buybacks count and a merger does not pass as growth. For a company that pays no dividend it is pure earnings growth per share. Period: earnings growth per share as CAGR over the last 5 reported fiscal years (annual statements), plus the current dividend yield. The start value is the median of the three years around the start, so a single crisis year (a pandemic or a write-down) does not distort the rate. Smoothed = median of all growth paths between the years of the window (trend line on the logarithm of earnings per share): a single extreme year cannot distort the rate. The reported figure stays in the tooltip.
+14.5%
Earnings growth per share plus dividend.
Earnings per share, growth per year+14.5%
Dividend (yield on the price)0.0%
Pace: 5 vs 10 years ⓘTwo data points, not a trend model: earnings growth per share over the last 5 fiscal years against the last 10. Labelled "steady" when both rates are within 3 percentage points of each other, otherwise picking up or flattening. Shown only when ten years of history exist.16% vs 18%, steady
Profit margin 2019 to 2024 ⓘOperating margin then vs now, from reported annual statements. A falling margin after a boom year is the classic peak-earnings signal: the growth rate then leans on an inflated base.8% → 17%
2024 sits 83% above its own trend. The rate follows the median trend of the last 5 years, not that single year.

Watch INK, get fair value alerts →

Compare INSTAL KRAKÓW SA with another stock

Price, fair value, quality and upside side by side.

Free, no sign-up

Peer GroupⓘHow this stock ranks against its industry: the green marker is this stock, the band is the typical 25–75% peer range, and the tick is the median.Engineering & Construction · 840 stocks

Beats the industry median on 10/12 measures
Overall it ranks above its industry peers.
Valuation
Quality Score 62 · Top 25%
Fair Value upside +49% · Above median
Profitability
Return on equity (TTM) 11% · Above median
Return on assets 7% · Top 25%
Net margin (TTM) 13% · Top 25%
Operating margin (TTM) 19% · Top 25%
Growth and dividend
Revenue growth −17% · Bottom 25%
Dividend yield (TTM) 0.0% · Bottom 25%

Valuation Multiplesvs Engineering & Construction median · lower = cheaper

P/E (TTM) 4.8× · Cheapest 25%
P/B 0.21× · Cheapest 25%
P/S (TTM) 0.23× · Cheapest 25%
EV/EBITDA 1.1× · Cheapest 25%

Strength profile in five axes (Snowflake)

VALUEFUTUREPASTHEALTHDIVIDEND
This stock
VALUEFUTUREPASTHEALTHDIVIDEND
Sector peers
VALUE (fair-value potential)99 · sector 29
FUTURE (revenue growth)0 · sector 11
PAST (return on equity)46 · sector 29
HEALTH (low debt)100 · sector 94
DIVIDEND (yield)0 · sector 40

Context: sector, industry, market

Values & ESG

Does this company touch areas you may want to avoid? The classification is inferred from sector and industry.

None of the checked exposures detected

Similar stocks

10 more Engineering & Construction stocks, each showing price versus our Fair Value estimate.

Stock Price Fair Value vs Fair Value
Quanta Services, Inc PWR $634.90 $163.08 −74%
Vinci SA DG €110.50 €185.62 +68%
Comfort Systems USA, Inc FIX $1,626 $1,122 −31%
Larsen & Toubro Limited LT ₹3,930 ₹1,994 −49%
Ferrovial N.V FER $56.30 $24.01 −57%
Samsung C&T Corporation 028260 367,000 KRW 256,792 KRW −30%
HOCHTIEF Aktiengesellschaft HOT €397.00 €203.87 −49%
ACS, Actividades de Construcción y Servicios, S.A ACS €92.75 €75.04 −19%
EMCOR Group EME $751.80 $521.87 −31%
MasTec, Inc MTZ $217.52 $106.05 −51%

Explore undervalued stocks

More undervalued Industrials stocks →

All undervalued stocks TechnologyFinancial ServicesHealthcareConsumer CyclicalConsumer DefensiveCommunication ServicesIndustrialsEnergyBasic MaterialsReal EstateUtilities Deeply Undervalued StocksUndervalued High-Quality StocksUndervalued Blue-Chip StocksUndervalued Small-Cap StocksUndervalued Dividend Stocks

Try a ready-made strategy

Pick a strategy and jump into the live analysis with that exact screen applied.

🥇 Backtested Best 🏆 Big Names ⭐ Top Rated 💎 Quality on Sale 🚀 Profitable Growth 🧊 Quality Compounders 💵 Dividend Stars 📈 Strong Momentum 📉 Fallen Angels ⚖️ Deeply Undervalued 🔍 Small-Cap Gems 🏰 Moat at a Fair Price 💼 Insider Buying 🎩 Buffett-Style Quality 📚 Peter Lynch GARP 🧮 Greenblatt Magic Formula 🛡️ Graham Defensive

Discover tools

For bloggers & editors: embed code + live data

For bloggers, editors and developers: paste this into your site or blog (a “Custom HTML” block in WordPress), it shows the current fair value and links back here. Free, plain HTML, and welcome. Full data streams (CSV/JSON) at /developers.

Cite: Fair Value Calculator (2026). "INSTAL KRAKÓW SA Fair Value". https://www.fairvalue-calculator.com/stock/INK

Frequently asked questions

Is INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK) overvalued or undervalued?
As of Sep 23, 2026, our model estimates a fair value of 52.74 PLN versus a price of 35.40 PLN, about +49% upside (undervalued).
What is the fair value of INK?
Our model-based fair value for INSTAL KRAKÓW SA is 52.74 PLN (as of Sep 23, 2026), built from audited fundamentals. The current price: 35.40 PLN.
What is the quality score of INK?
INSTAL KRAKÓW SA has a Quality Score of 62/100. It measures business quality (profitability, growth, cash flow, balance-sheet strength, investment discipline, share issuance). Market factors such as price momentum and volatility do not enter the number; they are shown separately in the detail view.
What is the price target for INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
Our model-based price target is the fair value of 52.74 PLN (as of Sep 23, 2026) from 15 valuation models. Cautious scenario 45.57 PLN, optimistic scenario 65.62 PLN. It is a calculation from audited fundamentals, not an analyst target.
What is the INSTAL KRAKÓW SA stock forecast for 2026?
Our models put fair value at 52.74 PLN, about +49% upside versus a price of 35.40 PLN (undervalued). Cautious scenario 45.57 PLN, optimistic scenario 65.62 PLN. The calculation is refreshed regularly with new filings.
What is the revenue of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
INSTAL KRAKÓW SA reported trailing-twelve-month revenue of about 342M PLN (latest available figure, as of Sep 23, 2026).
What is the intrinsic value of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
Intrinsic value and fair value mean the same thing: what the business is worth on its numbers, independent of the share price. For INSTAL KRAKÓW SA it is 52.74 PLN per share (as of Sep 23, 2026), against a price of 35.40 PLN. It is the blended result of 15 valuation models (cash flow, earnings, asset, dividend).
Is INSTAL KRAKÓW SA stock overvalued or undervalued in 2026?
As of Sep 23, 2026, INK trades below its calculated fair value: price 35.40 PLN, fair value 52.74 PLN, a gap of about +49% (undervalued). The calculation is refreshed with each new quarterly report, so the verdict can change during the year.
Is fair value the same as the market price of INK?
No. The price is what the market pays today (35.40 PLN); the fair value is what the company's own numbers justify (52.74 PLN). For INSTAL KRAKÓW SA the two are 17.34 PLN per share apart. That gap is exactly why we show both numbers side by side.
How much is INSTAL KRAKÓW SA worth?
The market values INSTAL KRAKÓW SA at about 297M PLN (market capitalisation, as of Sep 23, 2026). Per share that is 35.40 PLN; our models calculate a fair value of 52.74 PLN per share.
What do the bullish and bearish scenarios say about INK?
Our models span a range for INSTAL KRAKÓW SA: cautious scenario 45.57 PLN, base 52.74 PLN, optimistic 65.62 PLN per share (as of Sep 23, 2026, price 35.40 PLN). The range comes from different growth and margin assumptions, not from analyst opinions.
What is the P/E ratio of INK?
INSTAL KRAKÓW SA trades at a price-to-earnings ratio of 4.8 (as of Sep 23, 2026). A P/E on its own says little: it compares the price with ONE year of profit, while our fair value of 52.74 PLN is built from several models across several years. Other multiples: P/B 0.2, P/S 0.2, EV/EBITDA 1.1.
How solid is the balance sheet of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
Balance-sheet figures for INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (as of Sep 23, 2026): return on equity 11.5%. They feed the Quality Score of 62/100, which measures business quality independently of the share price.
How far is INK from its 52-week high?
INSTAL KRAKÓW SA trades at 35.40 PLN, about 14% below its 52-week high of 41.40 PLN and 2% above the low of 34.80 PLN (as of Sep 24, 2026). Distance from the high says nothing about value: that is what the fair value of 52.74 PLN is for.
Which stocks are comparable to INSTAL KRAKÓW SA?
From the same area (Industrials) we also value Quanta Services, Inc, Vinci SA, Comfort Systems USA, Inc, Larsen & Toubro Limited, among others. Each of them has its own fair-value calculation on this site using the same models, so the comparison is like for like.
Is INSTAL KRAKÓW SA stock attractive at the current price?
The data as of Sep 23, 2026: price 35.40 PLN, calculated fair value 52.74 PLN (+49%), Quality Score 62/100, from 15 models. Whether that fits your horizon and risk tolerance is your call. We provide the calculation, not investment advice.
How is the fair value of INK calculated?
We run INSTAL KRAKÓW SA through 15 models from four families: discounted cash flow, earnings models, asset and balance-sheet models, and dividend models. Every model gets the same audited fundamentals; the result is the weighted average of 52.74 PLN, with the spread shown as a cautious and an optimistic scenario.
Is it still worth investing in stocks now?
The global stock market currently sits 14.0 % above its aggregate fair value. INSTAL KRAKÓW SA currently trades 49 % below its own fair value, and the market average says nothing about that. An expensive market is no reason to stay out and no reason to buy everything at once: keep a broad savings plan running, buy single stocks only with money you can do without, and hold part of your money liquid while the market is high. The full picture including sectors is on is it worth investing now.
What is the share price of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
The closing price on Sep 24, 2026 was 35.40 PLN. Our model-based fair value is 52.74 PLN, about +49% upside (undervalued). We carry closing prices from our data provider, not a live tick.
What should I pay attention to with INSTAL KRAKÓW SA right now?
The price is below even our cautious bear case (45.57 PLN). The market is more pessimistic than our downside scenario. Solid quality (62/100) at a price below fair value, the discount is the argument here, not the business quality.
Where does the earnings growth of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK) come from?
Earnings per share at INSTAL KRAKÓW SA grew +15.7 % a year from 2013 to 2024. Broken into its drivers: revenue per share −2.3 %, EBIT margin +16.3 %, tax rate +1.1 %, residual (interest, one-offs) +0.7 %. The four rates multiply to the earnings growth rate, they do not add up. Start and end are three-year averages so a single exceptional year does not distort the result.

Key figures of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA

How large is the market capitalisation of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
The market capitalisation of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA is 297M PLN (≈ $77.1M). The stock-market value of the whole company: share price times number of shares. It is what the market asks for the entire business today.
What is the P/S ratio of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
The price-to-sales ratio of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA is 0.68 (P/E × margin). Price to sales: market value relative to yearly revenue. Useful when profit is thin or distorted.
What are the earnings per share of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
Earnings per share at INSTAL KRAKÓW SA are 7.38 PLN (price ÷ EPS = P/E 4.8). Earnings per share over the last twelve months: total profit spread across every single share.
What is the net margin of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
The net margin of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA is 14.1% (fiscal year 2024). How much of every unit of revenue ends up as profit. 10% means 10 cents of profit per dollar of sales.
What is the return on equity of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
The return on equity (ROE) of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA is 11.5% (last twelve months). Profit relative to shareholders' equity, how efficiently the company works with its owners' money.
What is the EBIT return on assets of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
On an EBIT basis the return on assets of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA is 8.8% (avg 5y). Operating profit (EBIT) relative to everything the company owns, as a multi-year average. It describes the business model rather than one good or bad year.
What is the operating margin of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
The operating margin of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA is 18.9% (last twelve months). Profit from the core business (before interest and taxes) relative to revenue.
How fast is revenue growing at INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
Revenue at INSTAL KRAKÓW SA is growing −16.6% versus a year earlier (3y avg −0.5%). How much revenue grew versus a year earlier (YoY). The 3-year average next to it puts the single year in context.
How fast are earnings growing at INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK)?
Earnings per share at INSTAL KRAKÓW SA are growing −38.7% versus a year earlier. How much earnings per share grew versus a year earlier.
How much free cash flow does INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK) generate?
The free cash flow of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA is −1.1M PLN (fiscal year 2024). The cash truly left after running and investing in the business, this is what pays dividends and buybacks.
How much net debt does INSTAL KRAKÓW SA (INK) carry?
The net debt of INSTAL KRAKÓW SA is 3.3M PLN (fiscal year 2024). Debt minus cash on hand. The note shows how many years of free cash flow could in theory pay it off.
Free · no account needed

Watch INSTAL KRAKÓW SA in the live analysis

One click puts INSTAL KRAKÓW SA on your watchlist: fair value and trend at a glance, plus comparison, the diversification check and the 35,000+ stock screener. You can also try 14 days of Pro there, no card.

Watch for free →

Zero risk: nothing is ever charged. Your watchlist is yours, with or without an account.