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Inclusio SA (INCLU) Fair Value & Analysis

Real Estate · BE · Market cap €132M

IS Inclusio SA INCLU · BR
Price€17.50
Fair Value€14.10
Upside-19.4%
Quality50/100
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Expensive Growth
Highly profitable · 91.0% net margin
Moderate debt · generates free cash flow
5.35% dividend yield
Mixed vs. peers (8/14)
Moderate moat 62/100
Evidence: High Range €10.57 – €20.95 Share as image

Fair value as of: Aug 6, 2026

From 14 valuation models · updated 4 days ago

Fair value updated Aug 6, 2026, revised from €14.42 to €14.10 (−2.2%) since Jul 26, 2026. Share price +5.4% over the past month.

A solid business, but screening 19% overvalued on our models.

What matters now

  • Solid but not exceptional quality (50/100) and above fair value, neither a clear bargain nor a standout compounder.
  • A fairly wide model range (€10.57 to €20.95) leaves room in how you read the outcome.
  • As a real-estate business, asset- and dividend-based methods carry more weight here than a standard DCF.
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Price vs Fair Value (5 years)

€17.99 €10.05 Fair Value €14.10 Jun 2021 Aug 2026

White line = price, green steps = our fair value per fiscal year, dashed = 300-day average. As of Aug 6, 2026.

How to read this chart

60‑month range €10.05 – €17.99 · fair‑value band €10.57 – €20.95 · the €17.50 price screens above the €14.10 fair value. Green steps = our fair value per fiscal year (point-in-time, no hindsight). Dashed = 300-day average. As of Aug 6, 2026.

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Analysis

Inclusio SA (INCLU) currently trades at €17.50, while our model-based Fair Value estimate is €14.10, implying the stock looks roughly 19.4% overvalued today. The Quality Score stands at 50/100 (solid quality), in the Real Estate sector. Bear case: priced above our estimate, the market already discounts strong expectations. Bull case: above-average quality can justify a premium, the entry price still matters most (evidence: high).

Over the trailing twelve months, Inclusio SA generated revenue of €17.0M at a net margin of 91.0%. Revenue grew 2.3% year over year. It earns a return on equity of 6.6%. Net debt stands at €162M. Fundamentals as of Aug 6, 2026

Our scenario range runs from €10.57 (bear case) to €20.95 (bull case); at €17.50, the current price sits within that range. Bear and bull are the same models run on conservative and optimistic assumptions (margins, growth, valuation multiples), so a plausible valuation range, not a price target. The share trades about 3% below its 52-week high and 16% above its 52-week low, currently below its 200-day average. For context, the median of 10 Real Estate peers we cover trades at -2% fair-value upside, at -19%, INCLU screens richer than that median.

Fair Value models

Each model estimates fair value its own way; the Fair Value above is the evidence-weighted blend. Evidence (0–100) measures how completely this model’s inputs are available: well-fed models carry more weight in the blend. The spread across models is intentional, each one stresses a different value driver; dividend models, for instance, come out structurally low when payout is small.

Model BearBaseBull Evidence
Highest evidence
Residual Income €21.94 €21.80 €19.76 76
Rev-Margin DCF €0.9600 €20.01 74
Gordon GGM €2.92 €4.89 €6.35 70
All 14 models by family
DCF Models
5Y Revenue Exit €14.94 39
5Y EBITDA Exit €10.67 €37.97 41
10Y Revenue Exit €6.70 36
10Y EBITDA Exit €10.34 €41.93 37
Dividend Discount
Gordon GGM €2.92 €4.89 €6.35 70
DDM Multi-Stage €2.92 €4.64 €5.26 61
Multiples
P/S Multiple €10.57 €14.10 €17.62 58
P/B Multiple €25.24 €33.65 €42.06 55
EV/EBIT €8.30 €17.16 €26.01 53
EV/EBITDA €2.41 €9.30 €16.19 54
EV/Revenue €1.48 43
Asset-Based
NCAV (Graham) €15.36 €20.58 €30.71 50
Growth DCF
Rev-Margin DCF €0.9600 €20.01 74
Economic Profit
Residual Income €21.94 €21.80 €19.76 76

Widest divergence: Economic Profit (€21.80) versus Growth DCF (€0.9600). Highest evidence: Residual Income (76).

Key figures & financial health

Revenue (TTM) €17.0M
Revenue growth (YoY) +2.3%
Net margin 91.0%
Return on equity 6.6%
Free cash flow €3.1M FY2025
P/E ratio 8.4
More key figures
Operating margin 77.3%
EPS (TTM) €2.02
Dividend yield 5.4%
EPS growth (YoY) -10.2%
Net debt €162M FY2025

Figures from reported company fundamentals · as of Aug 6, 2026. TTM = trailing twelve months.

Quality Score breakdown

Overall quality 50/100

Of which business quality 49 · Market factors (momentum, volatility) 62

Profitability 36
Margins and returns on capital today
Quality Growth 39
Are margins and returns improving?
Cashflow 59
Earnings quality: real cash, not paper profit
Fin. Strength 43
Balance sheet, leverage, solvency risk
Investment 62
Disciplined investing over empire-building
Low Volatility 97
Calm price path (market factor)
Momentum 42
Price trend over the last 3–12 months (market factor)
52W Momentum 56
Distance to the 52-week high (market factor)
Net Issuance 64
Buybacks instead of dilution

Non-valuation factor families (profitability, growth, cashflow, financial strength, momentum …), each academically grounded. Valuation itself sits in the Fair Value and is deliberately excluded here to avoid double-counting.

About the company

Inclusio SA operates as a real estate company in Belgium. It engages in the provision of affordable rental housing, housing for persons with disabilities, and social infrastructures. Inclusio SA was formerly known as Bon Pasteur, SA and changed its name to Inclusio SA in 2014. Inclusio SA was incorporated in 2011 and is based in Brussels, Belgium.

Company description, as reported by the company or data provider.

Revenue & earnings trend

FY2021 – FY2025 · reported fiscal years

Inclusio SA reported revenue of €16.9M in FY2025 versus €7.5M in FY2021, a compound +22.5%/yr. Reported net income was €15.4M in FY2025, compounding +1.3%/yr from FY2021.

Growth Quality 62/100
The company is growing, but growth may require heavy reinvestment or weak cash conversion.
Latest Revenue (FY 2025)
€16.9M
Latest YoY
+8.5%
Avg. growth/yr (3Y)
+15.1%
Avg. growth/yr (5Y)
+28.5%
Avg. growth/yr (8Y)
+47.2%
Revenue +22.5%/yr
FY21 €7.5M
FY22 €11.1M
FY23 €13.8M
FY24 €15.6M
FY25 €16.9M
Net income +1.3%/yr
FY21 €14.7M
FY22 €22.2M
FY23 €32.2M
FY24 €19.5M
FY25 €15.4M

INCLU screens 19% overvalued. Compare with Vingroup Joint Stock Company →

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Cite: Fair Value Calculator (2026). "Inclusio SA Fair Value". https://www.fairvalue-calculator.com/stock/INCLU

Peer Group

Real Estate Services · 521 stocks

How this stock ranks against its industry: the green marker is this stock, the band is the typical 25–75% peer range, and the tick is the median.

Quality Score 52 · Below median
Fair Value upside −19% · Below median
Return on equity (TTM) 7% · Above median
Return on assets 2% · Above median
Net margin (TTM) 91% · Top 25%
Operating margin (TTM) 77% · Top 25%
Revenue growth 2% · Above median
Dividend yield (TTM) 5.4% · Top 25%
Debt / equity 0.60× · Higher than median

Valuation Multiples vs Real Estate Services median · lower = cheaper

P/E (TTM) 8.4× · Cheaper than median
P/B 0.64× · Cheaper than median
P/S (TTM) 9.03× · Pricier than 75% of peers
P/FCF 49.1× · Pricier than 75% of peers
EV/EBITDA 23.3× · Pricier than 75% of peers

Snowflake

Five quick dimensions, each 0 to 100: VALUE (fair-value potential), FUTURE (revenue growth), PAST (return on equity), HEALTH (low debt), DIVIDEND (yield). Green = this stock, grey = typical sector peer.

VALUE 7 · sector 37
FUTURE 12 · sector 10
PAST 26 · sector 16
HEALTH 70 · sector 85
DIVIDEND 100 · sector 49

Values & ESG

Does this company touch areas you may want to avoid? The classification is inferred from sector and industry.

None of the checked exposures detected

ESG scores are not available for this stock yet. Values and ESG data are contextual and can differ between providers.

Similar stocks

10 more Real Estate Services stocks, each showing price versus our Fair Value estimate (as of Aug 6, 2026).

Stock Price Fair Value vs Fair Value
Vingroup Joint Stock Company VIC 223,000 VND 25,731 VND -88%
KE Holdings 2423 HK$44.76 HK$18.03 -60%
Swire Properties Limited 1972 HK$23.90 HK$18.75 -22%
Plaza S.A MALLPLAZA 3,725 CLP 5,571 CLP +50%
SAGAA SAGAA kr 170.00 kr 75.55 -56%
Cencosud Shopping S.A CENCOMALLS 2,324 CLP 2,976 CLP +28%
PT Sarana Menara Nusantara Tbk. owns and TOWR 372.00 IDR 1,208 IDR +225%
PT Metropolitan Kentjana Tbk MKPI 20,975 IDR 19,160 IDR -9%
PT Bangun Kosambi Sukses Tbk, CBDK 3,530 IDR 3,464 IDR -2%
IRSA Inversiones y Representaciones Sociedad Anónima, IRSA 2,495 ARS 3,998 ARS +60%

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Frequently asked questions

Is Inclusio SA (INCLU) overvalued or undervalued?
As of Aug 6, 2026, our model estimates a fair value of €14.10 versus a price of €17.50, about −19% (overvalued).
What is the fair value of INCLU?
Our model-based fair value for Inclusio SA is €14.10 (as of Aug 6, 2026), built from audited fundamentals. The current price is €17.50.
What is the quality score of INCLU?
Inclusio SA has a Quality Score of 50/100. It measures business quality (profitability, growth, cash flow, balance-sheet strength, investment discipline, share issuance). Market factors such as price momentum and volatility do not enter the number; they are shown separately in the detail view.
What is the revenue of Inclusio SA (INCLU)?
Inclusio SA reported trailing-twelve-month revenue of about €17.0M (latest available figure, as of Aug 6, 2026).
What is the net profit margin of INCLU?
The net profit margin of Inclusio SA is about 91.0%, meaning it keeps roughly 91.0% of revenue as net income. Based on the latest reported figures.
Does Inclusio SA pay a dividend?
Inclusio SA currently shows a dividend yield of about 5.44% relative to its recent price (as of Aug 6, 2026).

How we calculate Fair Value

Each company is valued through a stack of independent intrinsic-value models (DCF variants, residual-income, multiples and more), blended into one family-balanced consensus and weighted by how much trustworthy data backs it. A separate quality layer scores the fundamentals. Every input is real reported data, nothing guessed.

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